DNA is understood as the acronym for the term deoxyribonucleic acid, which in English is known as "Deoxyribonucleic acid" or by its acronym "DNA"; This is a word made up of the word "acid" from the Latin "acid" which means "sharp" or "sharp"; plus the entry "deoxyribo" which refers to a carbohydrate, and "nucleic" to refer to the nucleus and originating from the Latin "nucleus" which means "seed" or "pulp"; Therefore, it can be said that it is a substance or chemical acid whose task or occupation is the accumulation of information containing genetic material, found in the nucleus or center of cells.
DNA is a molecule that collects genetic codes used in the development and function of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; Along with proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids make up the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer chains coiled around each other to form a double helix.
Information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases that are: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). Human DNA is made up of around 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order or sequence of these bases determines the information available for the construction and maintenance of an organism, similar to the way in which the letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences.
DNA bases pair with each other, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine, to form units called base pairs. Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule. Nucleotides are arranged in two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix. The structure of the double helix is somewhat like a ladder, with the base pairs forming the ladder rungs and the sugar and phosphate molecules making up the vertical side pieces of the ladder.
