The apnea is a breathing disorder characterized by the interruption or decrease in pulmonary ventilation momentarily, this cessation of breathing may occur in seconds or even minutes occurs most of all when the patient is asleep, then Pulmonary ventilation is reactivated with a snort or snore, and the interval in which this respiratory arrest is triggered is usually up to 30 times per hour.
According to the characteristics of respiratory obstruction, it can be classified into three categories: obstructive when the patient unconsciously makes an effort to be able to carry out ventilation, central in the event that no effort is made to take in air, and mixed when both characteristics are present. above mentioned; Due to the fact that this breathing disorder has a predominance at night while the patient sleeps, people who suffer from it always feel that they do not fall asleep correctly, therefore, they are seen as exhausted people with the passing of days, others symptomsthat occur in this pathology apart from chronic fatigue, is the constant drowsiness, as well as it can trigger psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and nervousness, however this pathology is not only limited to causing alterations at the respiratory and psychiatric level, but also It can incur cardiovascular disorders due to the low oxygenation generated by apnea, among this group of cardiovascular pathologies is, acute myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension and even cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
The apnea of sleep resulting from the relaxation of the respiratory muscles superiors, these instead of being contracted and expanded to allow air passage during sleep, relax, no movement of the tongue back repetitively blocking the air passage. The risk factors to trigger sleep apnea are: obesity, especially if there is an accumulation of fat in the neck area, this produces narrowing of the upper respiratory tract, enlarged tonsils since they are located just in front of the pharynx and therefore they generate obstruction, the consumption of sedatives, relaxants, alcohol or any substance that generates relaxation of the smooth musclesbecause it favors the aforementioned pathological mechanism.
