Archaebacteria are part of a very significant group of organisms, whose specific features make it possible to create a domain called " Archaea ". This term is used to differentiate a series of unicellular microbes, which, like bacteria, do not have a nucleus or internal membranous organelles, but do show certain properties that make them different from them.
The Archaeas, at the beginning were classified as prokaryotic bacteria included within the so-called "Monera kingdom" with the name of archaebacteria. However, over time, it has been discovered that they have an autonomous development and some differences of a biochemical nature, which make them unique. It is so much so, that the archaebacteria have created a domain and a kingdom distributed in 5 proven phyla, which have yet to be identified, with the Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota groups being the most investigated.
Archaebacteria are characterized by:
- Be the oldest on the planet.
- They come in different shapes: canes, spirils, palm trees.
- They do not have the basic structure of the cell wall.
- They have lipids with different tissues than bacteria.
- Their reproduction is asexual.
- They lack a nucleus.
- Some have the ability to withstand high temperatures.
- They are capable of synthesizing sulfur, in addition to other chemicals.
Among the archaebacteria that are best known are:
- Crenarchaeotas: they belong to the hyperthermophilic species, that is, they resist high temperatures, however this species can also survive in low-temperature environments, such as seas and sediments.
- Euryarchaeota: this group can be located in high concentrations of salt and that they manage to obtain their energy from light and without having a chlorophyll dye.
- Korarchaeota: represents a tiny group of hyperthermophiles. They are considered the oldest archaea.
- Nanoarchaeota: this group lives in continental and maritime areas at high temperatures. According to studies, this species in order to survive, it must remain in contact with a host.
