Romanesque art is defined as all those artistic works made in the countries belonging to Western Europe in a period between the 11th and 12th centuries and a portion of the 13th century. This type of art is characterized by being focused on spirituality, this is because Romanesque art usually fuses elements belonging to different cultures, such as Germanic, Roman, Byzantine, Arab, among others, which had been used independently during the Middle Ages. In countries like Italy, Spain, Germany and France, this type of art emerged almost at the same time, adopting its own particularities in each one of them but each one with common elements, which allowed all these art samples to be encompassed in one universal character.
This form of artistic expression is based on the selection of great diversity in which they fuse different approaches to Christian art and its different variations which developed during the Middle Ages, examples of which are Roman, Byzantine, Pre-Romanesque, Arabic the Germanic, among others. From a kind of fusion between them, a kind of expression arose with elements that are congruent and specific, something that was reflected in the various artistic approaches, be they architectural, Sculptural, painting, etc.
Without a doubt, Romanesque art is the responsibility of several precedents of historical importance, among which it is possible to highlight the influence that certain religious organizations had on the population thanks to the new reforms, an example of this was the one carried out by the Benedictine monastery in Cluny, the which would eventually spread to the rest of Europe. For its part, with regard to the buildings, most of them were started thanks to the collaborations of the members of the nobility, in addition to the taxes on the peasants, which would contribute to increase the assets of the church and in turn its material and economic power at the same time that the populace sought spiritual salvation.
The style of Romanesque constructions was very characteristic, which can be seen in the firmness with which they will make their buildings, their walls were generally thick, since they had to support the weight of the structure, besides it is common to observe in this type of buildings the semicircular arch.
