The word arthrology comes from the Greek, "arthos or joint and logos" which means "treatises or studies." Arthrology is the science that is responsible for studying the different joints of the body, this being a branch of anatomy. Joints are a set of soft and hard parts, by means of which two or more nearby bones are united, thus being a functional connection between the bones of the skeleton. This science is also known as syndesmology.
The articular within one of its main functions have:
- Allow the free movement of the body in space.
- Get a correct body posture.
- The possibility of displacement of the bones relative to each other.
According to their degree of mobility, the joints are classified as follows:
- Immobile "sinartrosis" generally s and in the skull and face and is divided by syndesmotic as their tissue develops in the conjunctiva of the skull and synchondrosis this occurs when the tissue becomes cartilaginous or messianic.
- Semi-mobile “amphiarthrosis”: this is subdivided into false or true amphiarthrosis, in which the interosseous fibrocartilage is the one in charge of joining the joint surfaces and is covered by hyaline cartilage. There is also diarthroamphiarthrosis, it is so called since its articular surface is not continuous but has a slit in the central part.
- Mobile “diarthrosis”: these are those joints in which the bones serve as “levers”, they are characterized in this way since in order for them to function they must have certain anatomical elements such as: articular surfaces, hyaline cartilage or capsular ligament or capsule.
The joints are also divided according to their conformation:
- Cartilaginous: their bone packaging is preserved by means of a cartilage since they do not have a synovial cavity.
- Fibrous: it is responsible for holding bones together thanks to its fibrous connective tissue, which contains a high content of collagen and lacks a synovial cavity.
Synovials: those bones that form this type of joint have a synovial cavity, they are held together by their dense and regular connective tissue of a joint capsule and often by the work of the ligaments.
