Vault is an architectural term for an arched shape that is used to provide a roofed or roofed space. The parts of a vault exert a lateral thrust that requires a counter resistance. When the vaults are built underground, the soil offers all the required resistance. However, when the vault is built on the ground, several replacements are used to provide the necessary strength.
An example is the thicker walls used in the case of continuous barrels or vaults. Buttresses are used to provide strength when intersecting vaults are used.
The simplest type of vault is the barrel vault (also called a wagon or tunnel vault), which is generally semicircular in shape. The barrel vault is a continuous arch, the length of which is greater than its diameter. As in the construction of an arch, temporary support is needed while the segment rings are built and the rings set in place. Is placed until the stone more angular high, the cornerstone, the vault is not self - supporting.
When wood is easily obtained, this temporary support is provided by centering consisting of a frame framed with a semicircular or segmental head, which supports the voussoirs until the ring of the entire arch is completed. With a barrel vault, the centering can be changed to support the next rings.
Entre los primeros ejemplos conocidos de cualquier forma de bóveda se encuentra la aldea neolítica de Khirokitia en Chipre. Llos edificios circulares soportaron bóvedas con forma de colmena de bóvedas de barro sin cocer y también representan la primera evidencia de asentamientos con un piso superior. Las tumbas de colmenas similares, llamadas tholoi, existen en Creta y el norte de Iraq. Su construcción difiere de la de Khirokitia en que la mayoría aparece parcialmente enterrada y prevé una entrada de dromos.
The inclusion of domes, however, represents a broader sense of the word vault. The distinction between the two is that a vault is essentially an arch that is extruded in the third dimension, while a cupola is an arch rotated around its vertical axis.
In a sloped brick vault the bricks are leaned against an existing wall. Sloped brick vaults are named for their construction, the bricks are installed vertically (not radially) and are sloped at an angle: This allows your construction to be completed without the use of centering. Examples have been found in archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia dating to the 2nd and 3rd millennium BC that were placed in plaster mortar.
