Ballistics is used to refer to the study that is carried out on an area hit by bullets, demonstrating with the study the scope, trajectory and secondary effects that it produces, analyzing the marks left by what is called a ballistics test. Through this test, the distance from which it came out, the direction and the speed of the shot can be determined, whether from a low caliber bullet or a more powerful projectile, bombs or rockets among others, as well as the temperature, the distance and the force of the impact.
In London in the year 1835 they began with the investigations of cases with the identification of the bullets and the pistols used in things of robberies and murders, thus they achieved an important advance in the investigations in being able to define what would be the firearm used. That when firing a gun there are a considerable amount of ways that are taken into consideration, the case is analyzed by reconstructing the crime scene, forming the complete story from the moment the gun was fired to the final impact, taking samples of each thing found in the place that can help to find the whereabouts of the guilty or guilty.
This science of study of obtaining evidence in a case is divided into 4 branches of study:
- The internal ballistics that studies from the weapon and the beginning of the movement that propels the projectile in the initial firing phase.
- The intermediate ballistics provides the output transition of the bullet from the muzzle of the pistol with its stability in the air, detecting a change that could deflect the projectile final route.
- The external ballistics determines the trajectory of the bullet with the effects that it could generate until it stops, either due to the impact and what its effects are on nearby targets.
- The ballistics of effects has an importance since it shows how degenerative the secondary effects are in the damage left by the impact, either in an object or in a human body; All these studies have only one purpose, to be able to reconstruct the scene of a crime to be able to find the culprit and know what their next steps would be and calibrate the power to save other people from future attacks.
