The basketball or basketball comes from the English basket (basket) and ball (ball). It is a team sport, where two groups of five players each try to introduce a ball, as many times as possible, in a basket suspended above their heads and located in the part of the court of the opposing team. Basketball is one of the most popular sports, with the largest number of spectators and participants in the world.
The game takes place in 4 halves of 15 minutes and players can enter and exit the game throughout the game. The one who scores the most points through baskets wins the game, each normal basket is worth two points; if it is achieved from a certain distance, the basket is triple and three points are scored.
Officially, a basketball team must be made up of a center, power forward, forward, guard, and point guard, and be led by a coach. The specific skills players must master are dribbling, passing, and throwing.
The international body that regulates basketball is called the International Amateur Basketball Federation (FIBA). In 1936, this sport became part of the program of the Olympic Games. The first men's World Championship was held in 1950; the women's had to wait until 1953. The most important club competition in the world is the United States Professional League, organized by the National Basketball Association (NBA).
History of Basketball
Table of Contents
Basketball was created in the United States in 1891 by Canadian physical education teacher James Naismith. His intention was to invent a game suitable for indoor exercise during the winter, the game originally included elements of football, soccer, and hockey. Following this, basketball spread rapidly throughout America and Europe.
What motivated Professor James Naismith to create basketball was the need to practice a sport in the winter time, in the northern United States, a sport that could be carried out indoors, that had skills but without much physical contact It was then that he remembered a very old game called Duck on a Rock which means, the duck on the rock, this game consists of throwing a stone and trying to knock down an object that was placed on a rock. Using a basket of peaches hung on the railings of the upper gallery of the gym at a height of 3.05 meters.
The objective of the game is to introduce the ball into the basket, for this reason its name of Basketball, in the beginning Professor James Naismith played the games with 18 players, since this was the number of students he had in his class, then He reduced them to seven and they ended up being five players. The teacher designed 13 rules that must be followed on the playing field.
Basketball was a sport that quickly became very popular in the United States, already with rings made of metal with hanging nets and without a bottom, in addition to the boards where the rings hung.
Basketball increased in popularity in the early 1900s, when foreign students from Springfield spread the word about the game, by the 1920s basketball was already in the first international games and in 1950 the first Men's World Championship was held in Argentina, and three years later the women's basketball tournament was held in Chile.
In a short time basketball came to Europe and demonstration games were held at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam and at the Los Angeles Olympics in 1932. But it was until 1936 when it became an Olympic category and the teacher could see his sport form. part of the Berlin Olympics. The female category took much longer to be admitted to the Olympic category, at the Montreal Olympics in 1976.
The main basketball league in the United States is the Basketball Association of America, currently called the National Basketball Association (NBA), which arose after the merger of several clubs in the National Basketball League.
The United States controlled international basketball until 1972, when they were defeated by the Soviet Union and in the 1992 Barcelona Games, the most famous NBA players were for the first time grouped into a team called the Dream Team and authorized to represent the USA, and it was the best team ever formed and they ended up dominating the Olympic tournament that year.
Basketball Rules
The first 13 rules established for basketball came from the hand of its creator Professor James Naismith:
1. To throw the ball you can use one or both hands, and from any direction.
2. The ball can be hit in any direction using one or both hands, but never with a closed fist.
3. Players cannot run while they have the ball in their hands, they must throw the ball immediately and in the same place where they recover it, you can only have some condescension with a player if they seize the ball in the middle of the race.
4. No arms or body can be used to hold the ball, only hands should be used.
5. It is forbidden to hold the opponent, hit him with the shoulders, push or cause a stumble, an infraction of this rule implies a foul, in case the player repeats the foul he will be disqualified until a new basket is scored. If the intention was to mistreat the opposing player, the player will be suspended from the game and will not be substituted.
6. Hitting the ball implies a foul as penalties reflected in rules 3 and 4 and sanctions such as those established in rule 5 will be applied.
7. If one of the teams commits three fouls in a row, without the other having committed any until that moment, a goal will be awarded to the opposing team.
8. It is considered a scored goal, when the ball is thrown from anywhere on the field to the basket, enters and leaves through its hole and falls to the ground, provided that the defenders do not touch the ball or move the position of the basket. If the ball is over the ring and the opponents move the basket and it enters, the goal will be scored.
9. When the ball leaves the field, it must be put into play in the middle of the field by the same player who touched it, if there are claims for this play, the referee will throw the ball into the air vertically, in the center of the field. field. the player has 5 seconds to put the ball into play. If this time is not fulfilled the ball will be delivered, on the contrary. If one of the teams tries to delay the game time, it will be a foul punished by the referee.
10. The main judge or referee must judge the actions of the players and indicated as fouls. When a player commits three fouls, he can be disqualified and rule no.
11. The second referee is the judge in charge of making decisions regarding the ball, indicates when it is in play, when it has left the field and to whom it must be delivered. It will be the one who takes the playing time, who decides if a goal is valid or not and also will take the score. This will fulfill the tasks agreed for a referee.
12. A match consists of two halves of 15 minutes each and a 5-minute break between them.
13. The team with the most marked baskets will be the winner, in the case of a tie, the match will be extended, with prior authorization from the captains, until the same is marked.
Current rules imposed by FIBA and the NBA for playing basketball
1. Both teams are made up of twelve players, but only five can play on the court.
2. In FIBA four quarters are played divided into four halves of 10 minutes each, in the NBA four quarters of 12 minutes each are played.
3. In FIBA the ball possession time is 30 seconds, which delays the game, while in the NBA it is only 24 seconds.
4. You only have 10 seconds to pass the midfield.
5. The valuation of the points is uniform.
6. Converting a free throw is 1 point.
7. If a field goal is taken within the perimeter, it is worth 2 points.
8. If a field goal is taken outside the perimeter it is worth 3 points.
9. The ball cannot be intercepted while descending and has not touched the ring, when the ball has touched the ring it can be intercepted by any player.
10. A basket is considered valid after the referee has whistled.
11. A basket and free throw will be valid, when the player is hit he has released the ball and introduces it into the ring.
12. If the ball does not enter and has been thrown inside the perimeter, it will be two free throws, but if the ball was outside the perimeter and was hit, it will be three free throws.
13. When a team has completed seven team fouls, the opponent will take 2 free throws each time they commit a personal foul.
14. When a player is located within the free throw zone, the infraction called 3 seconds is committed.
15. When a player holds the ball for more than 5 seconds, without bouncing or throwing, the infraction called holding will be committed.
16. If the player takes the kick-off and it takes more than 5 seconds, the ball will pass into the possession of the opposing team.
17. If the player receives the ball and lifts his feet off the ground before the rebound, he will commit the infraction called steps.
18. If the player on receiving the ball bounces it, takes it and bounces it again, he will commit an offense called doubles.
19. If at the end of the game the clock shows almost zero and a shot is taken, the shot will be valid if the ball left the player's hands before the horn sounded. Otherwise it will have no value.
20. The ball can only be controlled with the hands.
21. If a player is physically attacked by another player from the opposing team, this will be classified as an unsportsmanlike foul, and the attacked team will be awarded two free throws and possession of the ball depending on the attack.
22. If a player protests or insults a referee, the referee will have the right to whistle a technical foul, and the player will be sanctioned with the same unsportsmanlike conditions. This lack can also be extended to banking.
23. When a player commits 5 fouls, he will be removed from the match.
Basketball Positions
Basketball game positions are divided into two groups, indoor and outdoor. The interiors are what develop from spaces very close to the rim, up to a distance of approximately 4 or 5 meters. The outdoor game is the plays that take place in distant spaces, that is, beyond the 6.75 meter line.
The groups of interior and exterior positions are formed as follows:
- Inside Positions: point guard, guard and forward.
- Outside positions: power forward and center.
Base position
The player who covers this position is the one who directs the game, for many it is the voice of the coach on the court. To get the ball into play quickly, he moves it from court to another. The functions of the player on base are to organize, control the rhythm of the game and direct the situations that arise in the game. They are generally shorter than the other players and their playing area is the central area of the court. They are players from position 1.
Characteristics of a base player
- Clear peripheral vision.
- Ability to move from the inside to the outside either in short or long distances.
- Skills to manipulate the ball.
- Good defense and hand and foot skills.
Escort position
It is a position between the point guard and the forward, some guards can perform three outside functions, such as point guard-guard-forward, in a very natural way. With a bigger figure than the base. His characteristics are the same as those of a point guard, but more scorers. His playing area is outside the line of 6.75 meters. They are players from position 2.
Forward position
He is the largest outside player, he is fast, but not as fast as the point guard and the guard. He is located in open areas on the perimeter, although he can sometimes play from inside positions. They are players of position 3.
It is characterized by:
- He runs very fast on the counterattack.
- He has skills to penetrate situations one on one.
- Must assist the team in offensive and defensive rebounds. Very bouncy.
- In the shots from the outside they have a very good percentage.
Forward-Power Position
They are coordinated, burly and agile, in relation to basketball of years ago. They play from indoor medium distance spaces. When they make their plays near the rim, they usually make them from behind. They have good shooting percentages from 4 or 5 meters and a great ability to play one against one. They are particularly good passers especially from high or free throw, quick to run and on the counter. Its most important functions are rebounding in attack and defense. They are players of position 4.
Pivot position
He is the biggest and strongest of the team, these qualities are very important to win spaces. Having a dominant pivot provides the team with endless practical possibilities in the team. Their playing area is near the rim, for the teams it is very advantageous to dominate the big players by taking them out and leaving the space near the rim free.They are players from position 5.
Basketball court
According to FIBA, the official measurements that a basketball court should have are: 28 meters long x 15 meters wide, 92 x 49 feet approximately.
Other measures established by FIBA on basketball courts are:
- Length 28 meters.
- Width 15 meters.
- 3-point line: 8,325 meters from the baseline.
- Central circle (diameter): 3.6 meters.
- Distance from the 3-point line to the edge of the court 0.90 meters.
- Distance from the board to the back of the court: 1,575 meters.
Basketball according to the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) is played on a hard platform, completely flat, rectangular and without obstacles with the measures mentioned above.
It is divided into two equal parts, by a line that is called the midfield, the lines must be 5 centimeters thick, in the center of the field it has a circle with a diameter of 3.6 meters. In each half there is a hoop, located on the baseline, located within the court at 1.2 meters.
In each half of the court there are free-kick zones, which are 5.8 meters from the baseline and 4.6 meters from the ring, the area where the player is located to take the free kick, has a diameter of 3.6 meters like the one in the middle of the court.
The area under the backboard is called the free-kick zone, with a rectangular shape and located at the back of the court and in the middle of the backboard with dimensions of 3.6 meters wide. It also has a three-point line, located 6.75 meters (FIBA) and 7.24 meters (NBA) away from the rim. In each of the halves and outside the courts are located the benches where the substitute players are placed.
Basketball
The first basketballs appeared in 1891 and were manufactured with a rubber bladder covered by stitched leather, they also added a fabric lining to give it support and uniformity. In 1942 the molded version of basketballs was invented.
The ball used in basketball is a spherical ball, usually orange, its manufacture is made of different materials, depending on whether it is used for indoor or outdoor basketball. Its weight and size depend on whether it will be used for a children's league, for a men's or women's basketball.
The American Basketball Association (ABA) used in 1967 a tricolor color ball, red white and blue, Leather has been the most used material in the elaboration of these balls but, in the late 1990s, synthetic material began to be used, being this very accepted in most leagues, thanks to its good performance in extreme situations.
The basketballs inside have a chamber structured like a balloon that holds the air and a housing. This camera is made of butyl rubber and the casing is made of polyester and nylon treads. These balls are labeled and these are printed on aluminum foil.
The actual designs and configurations of most balls are subject to the rules of the type of game in which they will be used.
Ball Measurements
a) Male category, model 7A measures 75-78 cm, weight between 567 and 650 grams.
b) Female category, model 6A measures 72 and 73 cm, weight 510 and 567 grams.
c) Junior category or not. 5A smaller and measures 69 and 70 cm, weight 470 and 510 grams.
The pass basketball regulations establish that it should only be done with the hands, it is the player's decision whether to do it with one or use both.
Types of passes
1. Chest pass: The most frequent is with both hands, in this way the partner receives the ball the same. This pass consists of receiving the ball at chest level, slightly separating the elbows and pointing with the thumbs, to finally launch the ball with a step forward and using the body to guide the ball.
2. Pass over the head: the ball is held above the head and with both hands is thrown and at the same time takes a step forward.
3. Back pass: this pass is made from behind the back, with the hand opposite to where the player who will receive the ball is.
4. Dive pass: in this pass the ball is thrown with the intention that it rebound before the player receives it, this in order to make it difficult to cut the pass on the other hand and easier for the partner to receive.
5. Baseball pass: it is used to initiate a counterattack. It is executed, holding the ball with both hands above the shoulder then the arm is extended and the ball is thrown with a wrist strike.
Basketball Real Madrid, was created on March 22, 1931 in Madrid, its first participation in a championship was in Castilla, where Rayo Club de Madrid found a great rival, between these two teams a great rivalry arose for being the best team region of. In 1933, in their third edition of the Castilla Championship, these two teams faced each other and Real Madrid was crowned, with a score of 22 by 16 and with a protagonist such as the Filipino Juan Castellví. That same year they met again in the final of the Spanish Championship, this time Real Madrid could not obtain the title.
World Basketball, known as the FIBA Basketball World Cup and the FIBA World Championship, is one of the most prestigious events in the sports world.
In the year the FIBA World Championship was held in 6 cities in Spain which were: Bilbao, Granada, Seville, Gran Canaria and the final phase was held in Barcelona and Madrid.
The first FIBA Basketball World Cup was held in Argentina in 1950, with the crowned final against the United States being the host. Brazil was the first team to be crowned twice in 1959 and 1963.
