It is a term that seeks to encompass all the processes that characterize the second electoral rounds, a system that must be used in different nations. The elections to designate the representatives of executive or legislative positions, are those that mainly have this particularity. Also, the word comes from the French "ballottage", being coined for the first time in the mentioned language, because of the official establishment launched by Napoleon III, in 19th century France; over the years the law was not applied very often, but in 1958, while the V republic was being born, it was once again highlighted in the Constitution, with some changes that add more severity. It should be noted that the ballot is only applied in those elections where the candidates do not reach the estimated value, with respect to the votes.
The process can vary and the final candidates are not always selected based on the same philosophy; For this reason, different types of ballot have been designed, among which they qualify: without barrier, in which the candidates who have come out with a higher percentage of votes are those who go to the second round, the winner being the one who obtains, such as normally run, more votes; With a simple access mechanism, it is one in which, if the candidates do not exceed a certain percentage of established votes, a second "round" is executed; The last, called the compound access mechanism, which varies greatly in the country in which it is located, but mostly dictates that, to make way for a second round, the candidates must have exceeded a certain percentage and, among those elected, there must be minimum differences from this.
