Lithium-ion batteries are a tool designed to save electrical energy, which uses as electrolyte a particle of lithium salt, which is responsible for obtaining the ions that are required to generate a reversible electrochemical reaction, which occurs between an anode and a cathode, these batteries are also known by the name of Li-ion.
The idea for this device was proposed by MS Whittingham, who had the idea of using lithium metal and titanium sulfide as a kind of electrodes. This served as the basis for Akira Yoshino to design a prototype in 1985 in which he used a carbon composite material where the lithium ion and lithium cobalt electrodes could be inserted. By using materials that did not have metallic lithium, the security to be able to use them was greatly increased compared to that if they used it, which promoted its large-scale manufacture, thus originating Li.ion batteries.
The use of these devices today has become very important due to the great advantages they bring, since thanks to them large amounts of energy can be stored, each providing around 3.7 volts, the same amount that generate three Ni-Cd type batteries, the weight is another advantage, since they are quite light and smaller in size when compared to Ni-MH type batteries, all this without affecting their energy storage capacity. It is very common for batteries to have a self-discharge percentageHowever, Lithium-Ion batteries decrease this percentage significantly, making them more practical, in addition to that during use, as the voltage is discharged it does not vary significantly, which avoids the use of circuits that regulate the passage of energy.
However, and despite the great uses and advantages that this tool represents, the system is not entirely perfect, since there are some flaws such as the number of limited recharges that ranges between 400 and 1000 charges, which is a delay compared to the ones. Ni-Cd type, so they are considered as consumables. Another element against them is their cost, since in comparison with other batteries their manufacture is expensive, finally there is their low cold work performance.
