Biomolecules are considered to be all the chemical compounds that, being together, make up living matter, that is, the chemical bases that allow the living being to survive, there are infinities of biomolecules but among the most necessary or those found in abundance are in first nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon, secondly sulfur and phosphorus can be mentioned.
The biomolecules are a general classification, this will depend on the presence of carbon in its structure, thus are designated the name of inorganic biomolecules which in structure is absent carbon molecules, this can not be synthesized by the human being but even so they are essential for the maintenance of life, in this group water can be taken as an example; the opposite group, that is, they have carbon molecules which are part of their structure are called organic biomolecules and they also differ with the inorganic group in the characteristic that they can be synthesized by the human body.
Organic biomolecules are subdivided into macronutrients of great importance for good organic functioning, which are:
- Carbohydrates: as its name indicates, it is a macronutrient made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. In this group, carbohydrates or sugars are also found in fibers and starches; These are the main form of storage and consumption of energy in the body, essential for the nervous system, muscle and erythrocytes; they are soluble in water.
- Lipids: like carbohydrates they are also composed of carbon and hydrogen and sometimes oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen are found to a lesser extent, this constitutes the secondary storage of energy for the body when carbohydrate reserves are exhausted, of Likewise, they work in the mechanical protection of structures and as thermal insulation, they are hydrophobic (insoluble in water).
- Proteins; They are made up of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen forming the monomeric unit called amino acid, sets of amino acids form proteins; They have thousands of functions, the most important of which are to serve as the basis for the formation of hormones, digestive juices, plasma proteins, hemoglobin, etc.; these cannot be replaced by lipids or carbohydrates.
