A buffer is in computing the equivalent of a person's short-term memory. It is that storage that saves small data or movements that are made within a computer, basically to optimize the response time of the processor. This type of memory does not completely process the data available for the function, it is based on quick responses and the loading of files necessary for viewing a document or listening to a music file.
The buffer is commonly confused with the Cache, which is also a section of the computer that is responsible for saving fast data that also optimizes the operation of the system, but these are stored in another microprocessor and accumulated in a different way than the Buffer it does.
A Buffer utility is also the one that optimizes the process of transferring data from one software to another or from hardware to software. This data can be saved in the buffer memory so that while the connection process between the sender and the receiver is being carried out, it is not affected. This is a common case that we see in mobile phones, even in instant messaging programs, we do not perceive it because it is nothing more than an internal operation of the processor.
When the buffer receives data over the network and it is unstable, we will surely see interferences in the transmission, the most basic example is when we see a video on YouTube and it is cut off due to connection problems, because the buffer does not receive the data or file complete.