A legal act is called a voluntary, conscious and free process that seeks to achieve certain legal effects on a legal relationship. This can be illegal (it has sanctions for one of the parties) or lawful (legal relationships whose destiny is determined by law), which in turn are subdivided into acts of law or legal business. For it to take place, it is necessary that there exist, in addition to an object and a subject, a legal relationship, the link, regulated by law, that unites two or more individuals, through a common good or interest.
The legal act consists of three elements of great importance, which determine if it meets the characteristics to be subjected to a legal process; These are called: essential elements, that is, it cannot exist if any of these are not part of it, dividing this, in turn, into existential requirements (the subject, will, object and the cause) and validity requirements (will exempt from vices, lawful object, lawful cause and capacity to exercise); natural elements for their part, are those that are implicit in the nature of the business, and that are not necessary, since the parties can eliminate them; finally, accidental elements are those that can be incorporated by the parties, some of them being the condition, the term and the mode.
Similarly, legal acts may be of a different nature for which a classification has been provided for them; some of these are: positive and negative acts, the first being oriented towards the birth, modification or extinction of a documentand the second towards abstention in a certain legal relationship; the unilateral and the bilateral ones, those that, for their realization, would require the approval of one person or two people, respectively; entre vivos and mortis causa, those in which the business is not determined by the death of one of the parties, and that in which the will is put into practice after the death; finally, the free and onerous ones, the first being those in which the obligation falls on only one of the parties involved and the others in which there is a reciprocal economic benefit.
