Climate is the set of environmental conditions in a given place, and is characterized by being the average of the weather conditions, calculated through observations made over a long period (between 10 and 30 years). Weather and climatic weather of a place are often confused. Weather refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place. This condition is changing; therefore, time varies from one moment to another or from one place to another on the earth's surface.
What is weather
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Climate word comes from the Greek klima, which refers to the inclination of the sun. This term is defined as the set of meteorological conditions that have measures to characterize the climatic weather of a given site or territory.
It is also known for being a type of synthesis of atmospheric weather, which is obtained through different long-term statistics, among them, the evaluations of means, probabilities, variations, etc., all of these are part of the elements of the place in which climate studies are underway. Study times can vary from a few years to decades.
Climate characteristics
The weather (or climate) has many characteristics, which are known as climatological elements and which will be explained in this aspect.
Weather elements
The elements that make up the weather are temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and rainfall. Each one will be explained below.
- Temperature: refers to the degrees of heat that exist in the air of a certain place, in addition, this temperature has a greater function according to insolation or solar radiation.
- Pressure: it is the pressure produced by the weight of an air mass that goes in all directions, in addition, it tends to vary according to altitude and temperature. If there is high altitude and lower temperature, then there is not much pressure.
- Winds: it is nothing more than the movement of air masses, which have certain differences with atmospheric pressure. This means that the wind is considered as a vehicle through which energy is transported in the bosom or center of the atmosphere, this helps that same energy be distributed more easily.
- Humidity: it is considered as the water or steam found in the atmosphere, this water is found in absolutely all the bodies of living beings and qualifies as an element of great importance for life.
- Precipitation: it is the forms of hydrometeor that comes from atmospheric water and that, in addition, is shaped like clouds and falls on the earth's surface through rain, hail, or snow.
Weather forecast
It is about the technological and scientific application to be able to predict what the atmospheric state of the earth is, in this way, it is known about the future climatic period of a specific location or region. These forecasts are carried out through different studies called climate by delegations, this is done by collecting data on temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and rainfall, for this, many atmospheric processes characteristic of meteorology are used.
But despite this, it is necessary to know that nature tends to be very complex and difficult to interpret, that is why some forecasts are not so sure.
To be able to forecast the weather and view the weather by delegations, 5 components are needed, these are the collection of information, assimilation of it, numerical weather forecasting, processing of the output models and, finally, the final presentation of the forecast to user.
Among the many articles for making forecasts, there is the meteorological radar, which is responsible for providing information on the place where the climatic weather is being studied and on the intensity of rainfall (if any).
There is also the Doppler radar that calculates both the direction and the speed of the wind. If you want to know the weather forecast, you can access different applications on cell phones or search through the web such as weather today, weather for tomorrow or forecasting the weather, of course, identifying the place along with the time zone.
In the case of living in Mexico, the climate of Mexico is sought. With the new technology of many countries, it is really easy to know what the weather will be for tomorrow, or the weather today, you just need smart devices or a computer to access the information.
Types of weather
There are different types, but these are classified into three groups (warm, temperate and cold) which, in turn, have their own aspects.
Warm
They are those that are between 0 and 1000 meters of sea level, they are classified as:
- Equatorial climate: it is located right on the equator and has generally high temperatures throughout the year, there is a lot of rainfall and humidity. The areas where this climate prevails are the eastern part of Panama, the Amazon region, Yucatán (the climate of Mexico), the center of Africa, Malacca and Madagascar.
- Tropical climate: it is located on the line of the equator and the line of tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. It has a lot of rainfall but only in summer. The areas with this type of climate are the Caribbean, Colombia (coasts), Mexican climate (on the south coast), Polynesia and Indonesia.
- Dry: it is a climatic time in which evaporation removes humidity from the place. The areas where this type of climate is found are Maracaibo, Cartagena, El Cairo, Santa Marta, etc.
- Arid subtropical climate: it has a lot of rainfall that can vary according to the time of year. The areas where this climate abounds is south of Peru, Chile, Australia, Latin America and Africa.
- Desert and semi-desert climates: they are located in the interior of those continents that have temperate zones, for example, Central Asia, Mongolia and China.
Temperate
They are those that have medium latitudes and that, in addition, tend to extend between parallels of 30 to 70 degrees. It also has certain contrasts with respect to the seasons of different rainfall and temperatures, as well as an atmospheric dynamics that is conditioned by the winds that come from the west.
- Humid subtropical climate: its characteristics range from having some humidity and hot summers, to having cool winters and rainfall in specific areas, for example, the southeastern United States, South China, Argentina, Japan, Pakistan and South Korea.
- Mediterranean climate: its main characteristic is to have very sunny and dry summers, but with extremely rainy winters, for example, the areas of California, Australia and Chile.
- Oceanic climate: This type is quite frequent in nations with access to the sea, there are regular rains, some clouds and warm temperatures. There are no extreme temperatures in winters, nor in summers. The areas that regularly have these environments range between Argentina, Canada, Chile, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and part of the European Atlantic.
- Continental climate: it is a climatic time that makes an appearance in continents whose ability to heat up and cool down precedes them, perhaps that is why there are so many variations in temperatures, in addition, they have more thermal amplitude. The areas with these environmental conditions are Europe, China, the United States, Canada, Alaska and Siberia.
Cold
This is a type of environment that is between 2000 and 3000 meters above sea level, it is classified in the following slopes.
- Polar climates: they are found in places with many poles, these sites are the Antarctic and the Arctic, but in addition to this, they are characterized by diminished vegetation and a lot of ice.
- Mountain climate: here the temperatures tend to fall according to the altitude, in addition, there is a good chance of having precipitation. It is located in the highest mountains.
- Tundra climate: temperatures are below 10 degrees and there is not much precipitation. The common areas of the tundra are the subpolar ones.
Climate change
Climate change refers to the set of large-scale disturbances that have arisen on the planet since the excessive use of polluting gases called "Climate Change Gases" began. The emission of gases that damage the ozone layer, increase the temperature of the earth, since the layer wears out and consequently the sun's rays penetrate stronger, heating the earth exponentially.
Climate change is the biggest problem in life right now. The main causes of this phenomenon are gases, especially CO2, which human activity emits daily through electricity consumption (since most of the electricity we obtain by burning coal, oil and gas), transportation to engine and heating systems that are based on fossil fuels such as coal, diesel and gas.
This environmental phenomenon causes serious alterations in the ecosystem, one of the most renowned is the " El Niño " which consists of a change in the movement patterns of the marine currents in the intertropical zone causing, consequently, an overlap of warm waters from from the northern hemisphere area immediately north of the equator over the very cold rising waters that characterize the Humboldt Current; This situation causes havoc on a global scale due to heavy rains, mainly affecting South America, both on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
The most notorious contribution and the one for which we fight every day is the irresponsible consumption of the earth's resources, since there is no environmental awareness that protects the planet. You must be aware that this situation is everyone's fault, do not try to cover the sun with a finger, pollution grows second by second. If you want a planet for our children, we must be rational.
Climatology
It is part of the earth sciences. Climatology studies climate phenomena, establishing their behavior by zones, according to the variations that have occurred over time, that is, based on what happened in the past, what happens in the present is known and what is expected is what will happen in the future, regarding environmental conditions.
Climatology tends to be confused with meteorology (science that studies atmospheric weather), because both use the same evaluation parameters, but the difference is that meteorology makes short-term or immediate forecasts, while the purpose of climatology is in the study and forecasts of the behavior of the climatic weather in the future or long term.
Its importance has been increasing with the passing of time. Well, from an economic point of view, the structure of the behavior of climatic weather in one region or another (which this science can define) contributes to the development of productive activities.
Bioclimatology
This a discipline that began its structuring based on relating the numerical values of the climatic time (temperature and precipitation) with the areas of plants and their plant formations, to later add information on biogeocenoses and knowledge from dynamic phytosociology- catenal, that is, knowledge about sigmetum and geosigmetum (series and geoseries of vegetation).
