Coagulation is the process by which the blood passes from its frequent liquid state to a semisolid state, very similar to a gelatinous substance through which the so-called clots are produced, this process is very important since during the hemorrhages that occur in the It is vital that different areas of the body be present, in order to avoid excessive and irreparable blood loss, allowing that hemorrhage to be repaired later, in coagulation different elements intervene such as the activation of platelets and their adhesion, in addition to fibrin maturation.
There are certain injuries that can damage the structure of blood vessels, which causes a series of processes to start in the body in order to prevent blood loss through said vessel, among these mechanisms are the supplementation of platelets, vasoconstriction of the vessel and subsequently blood clotting. The coagulation process is mainly due to a protein, specifically fibrinogen, which undergoes certain modifications that convert it into fibrin, which lacks the ability to solubilize, but can bind to molecules similar to them, forming macromolecules. It can be said then that a clot is a set of fibrins intertwined with each other, which with the passage of timethey have captured other substances such as salts, water, and some blood cells.
In coagulation, a large number of enzymatic processes come into play, which are related to each other, since they act as a kind of chain reaction, which as it progresses increases its range of action, since by For example, two molecules will give way to the activation of a greater number of molecules, which in turn will activate a larger conglomerate of molecules. In this process there are 12 proteins that come into action, also certain phospholipids of the cell membrane and some Ca2 + ions, each of these elements is called a factor and is assigned a Roman number, to differentiate them according to to the place where they were discovered.
7 elements of coagulation are proenzymes which are synthesized in the liver, which once they have been split, become proteases, belonging to the family of serines, which have the ability to activate other enzymes in the chain or coagulation cascade. Certain factors of the chain require vitamin K so that in this way they can be synthesized in the liver, some of these factors are IX (antihemophilic beta) and VII (proconvertin).
