At the level of the nervous system, a type of specialized cells called "neurons" work, this particular tissue is responsible for sending information to the entire body through an intercommunication called synapse, this information is known as a nerve impulse and is transmitted from neuron in neuron without establishing physical contact, it is essential to execute any neuromuscular movement. The transmission of these impulses has to be in a regulated way, at the moment in which they become exacerbated or accelerated the seizure occurs, when a patient convulses it is because at the neuronal level they are producing paroxysmal discharges (accelerated synapse), executing a discharge. totally abnormal with hypersynchrony between a group of neurons.
The hyper transmission of nerve impulses causes abnormal contraction of all muscles at the body level, these movements are classified as tonic-clonic because two phases of contraction can be differentiated: in the tonic phase, it is characteristic that they present loss of consciousness followed by significant body rigidity, while in the clonic phase rhythmic mobility is observed at the muscular level. Seizures according to the number of muscles affected can be classified into partial and generalized, partial seizures are those that occur in a specific area, it can be a hand, in the eye, etc., while the generalized is a seizure in all muscular tissues of the human body.
The clinical manifestations presented in a patient with a seizure can be: loss of consciousness, prolonged muscle contraction, rigidity in the tonic phase of the seizure, oral mucosa secretion is significantly increased (sialorrhea), this is due to the effect from the increased concentration of parasympathetic neurotransmitters, in turn, there is retroversion (eye retraction), relaxation of all sphincters(fecal, urinary, esophageal), and lastly postgital state which is the post seizure stage, within this phase the patient has pupils with low reaction to light, and normally they remain mydriatic (dilated pupils). We speak of seizures when these paroxysmal discharges occur between 0 to 7 years, if the period of onset exceeds seven years it is said that the patient has epilepsy.
