The chromatography is a type of technique applied for the separation of several elements that combine to a mixture, this division is based on the physical characteristics and chemical held by each element, emphasizing the interaction capability of each component of the mixture or the solution with a substance.
Chromatography is broadly achieved through the use of two phases: a mobile phase, which is a solution that is composed of different elements; and a stationary phase, this is characterized by being a solid material that will remain unchanged before or after the implementation of the technique, the mixture to be studied will remain with the compound that has the highest affinity, whether it is in the solid phase or in mobile phase, in this way the general characteristics of each compound studied will be appreciated.
Chromatography can be classified according to the methodology and materials used in: flat chromatography, this type of technique is carried out through the use of a solid material such as paper, thanks to this it can be subclassified into "thick layer" or "layer fine ”, because the stationary phase rests on a totally rigid support, this layer comes into contact with the mobile phase that is liquid and it begins to rise, according to the location of each element on the paper can achieve its identification; on the other hand is column chromatography, which uses several long cylinders whose name is "buret" as the stationary phase, and a liquid mixture as mobile phase, in the same way, another physical state can be used for the mobile phase, such as gas, the different compounds to be separated will progressively rise up the column; According to the physical state of the phases used for the process, chromatography can be classified into: gas chromatography, since its mobile phase is gaseous in nature, on the other hand there is liquid chromatography, in which the mobile phase is composed of a liquid agent, and finally HPLC chromatography characterized by having a high level of efficiency and precision in the separation of compounds.
