Chromosome, a biological term applied to define long fragments in strand forms present in chromatin. Chromosomes are elements that make up the DNA of a cell and these in turn are organized in a structure called karyotype, which consists of a pattern closely linked to the position and definition of the sexual characteristic of the specimen under study. Chromosomes are present in eukaryotic cells, which are responsible for managing the genetic and hereditary material in the process of sexual reproduction.
Chromosomes in human eukaryotic cells are classified by sex, X chromosomes associated with the male sex and Y chromosomes with the female. They are made up of 23 pairs, all in XY pairs for a total of 46 chromosomes. Any variation in these amounts constitutes a chromosomal disorder that can cause physical and behavioral problems in the course of growth, such as homosexuality.
The etymology of the word indicates two terms united to give the idea, " Chrome " which means " Color, ink " and " Soma " which means " Body ", this gives us a rich reference that a chromosome is a fundamental part of the identity in the living being, the chromosome is the one who defines from the beginning of the reproduction (and lymitosis, in the sperm or ovules).
Chromosomes are visible in the mitosis process so clearly that they can determine their composition and in turn the genetic karyotype in which the chromosomes are present in pairs is visualized. This analysis yields results of sex, genetic material and other information about the genesis of an organism. The chromosomes come in pairs, which each have a centromere, from this it can be determined what the sexual characteristic of the gene will be. Chromosomes also have a unique characteristic that differentiates them, such as a curvature, doubles, variable width or length, all these shapes are as characteristic of the gene as a fingerprint. Each pair contains genetic information that will be directed to a specific function of the body, the 46 pairs have all the necessary to make an embryo in perfect condition. A smaller or larger number of chromosomes, an alteration in their shape or an error in the composition of their karyotypic framework can cause serious setbacks in the formation process.
