Chromosome is the structure in which DNA is packaged and protected. These structures are considered a cellular component that only form at the moment when the cell is in the process of division. They are responsible for transporting DNA and genes at the time of cell division. The term chromosomes has its origin in the Greek language, specifically from the word "chroma", which means color and "soma", whose translation is body or element. An interesting fact is that during the process of cell division, the chromosome presents its best known form, well-delineated X-shaped figures, this is caused by the high degree of compaction and duplication.
At the moment in which these cells unite they give rise to an embryo, which has a total of 46 chromosomes distributed in 23 pairs, of all this only 1 pair is sexual and its task is to give rise to the sex of the new individual When said pair is composed of two X chromosomes, the individual will be female, but in the case that it corresponds to an X chromosome and the other is a Y chromosome, the individual will be male. For its part, the set of chromosomes of a living being is called a Karyotype.
On the other hand, the DNA found within the chromosomes is grouped into fractions one after the other, and each of these fractions has the necessary information to carry out a certain process and this fraction is called a Gene. In this way it can be said that each chromosome is made up of many genes.
In addition to the aforementioned, within these structures is the information that will define the physical characteristics of each individual, such as their height, texture, skin tone, eye color, shape that their mouth and nose will have, shape of ears, blood type, abilities and skills, and even intelligence level, among others. Furthermore they contain information about your future state of health, the years can live and the trend that the person will suffer from certain diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cancer etc.
