The division of powers is called the act in which a nation or country, in search of the governmental organization, separates all the power that it has in different organisms, which function individually and are in charge of meeting all the needs of the field to which it belongs. Strictly, this process is called separation of functions or powers, since the legal doctrine considers that power is indivisible, it is an abstract entity that cannot be exercised if it is fragmented.
Each branch regulates another, deprives its growth of power, in order to prevent some from acquiring responsibilities that are not related to its field of interest.
Universally, power is divided into three parts: the Executive Power (in charge of the generalized administration of the country), the Legislative Power (institution in charge of the approval or rejection of new laws) and the Judicial Power (its main function is to administer legal processes); Despite this, new powers have been implemented in some countries to focus on more specific problems.
The modern theory was proposed by Montesquieu, in his work On the Spirit of Laws, based on the descriptions of ancient philosophers of the political system of peoples such as the Roman or the Greek.
In the century of the Enlightenment, the State was seen as an entity, whose purpose was to protect the man who had decided, by his own will, to bring him to power, even if this meant damaging the integrity or interests of another man who contributed, likewise, to his ascension to power. From this current, due to the great influence it had, the idea of adopting this system of government characterized by the division of powers arose. However, countries adapted to this change differently, according to their customs.
