The word dolus derives from the Latin "dolus" which means "trap"; therefore, it is repeatedly used as a synonym for fraud, simulation or deception. In the field of law and laws, the word fraud refers to the deliberate will or intention of committing or consummating a certain crime knowing its illegality; In other words, it is about performing an act with impunity with all intention and will, in order to break the law. In ancient times, in Justinian Roman Law it was known as dolus, dolus malus, propositum, which referred to the intention behind the crime, all awareness of the criminal act that would be committed.
For its part, Canon Law, described as a legal science in charge of studying and analyzing the legal regulation of the Catholic Church, describes fraud with the words dolus, sciens, malitia, voluntas, according to the Spanish jurist and politician Jiménez de Asúa, and with this it was that fraud became synonymous with malice, cunning, fraud; at present, said legislator refers to certain crimes or elements of them with these words.
In the different branches of law, the term fraud can be used by giving it different meanings, such as, for example, criminal law, fraud refers to the performance of the action prohibited by law; but in civil law it alludes to the main characteristic of the civil offense in terms of the violation of obligations denoting the deliberate non-execution of the debtor; but it also has by meaning the vice of voluntary acts.
We can find different types of fraud, which among them can be mentioned: the direct fraud of the first degree, which occurs when the performance of the behavior and the results is what the individual sought to achieve. Direct fraud of the second degree occurs when the results are not as intended but occur as a consequence. The eventual fraud, also known as conditional fraud or indirect fraud. The fraud of danger, occurs when the individual seeks to endanger legal assets, however he does not want his injury; among others.
