It is called the Coriolis effect, a phenomenon that was described in 1836 by the French scientist Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, it is an effect that occurs in a rotating reference system, at the moment in which a body is in motion with respect to said reference system. The Coriolis effect itself refers to the force that occurs thanks to the rotation of the Earth in space, which tends to deviate the trajectory of objects that move on the surface of the Earth; to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the south. The acceleration that occurs is always perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the system and the speed of the body.
This terminology is not commonly used outside the scientific field, despite this, it has a very important role in the direction of the winds, however, it does not influence their speed. Despite the above, as the speed of an object increases, the Coriolis force increases proportionally. This can be determined by means of the mass and the speed of rotation of the object, in addition to this it can affect any object that moves freely and at high speed, as occurs with airplanes and rockets, this even has an influence on the currents of the oceans.
The main reason for this force is the rotation of the earth. The planet Earth is much wider in the area of the equator compared to the poles, as it is easy to appreciate, in addition to that, it rotates on its same axis in a direction from west to east. Therefore, the further an object is from the equator, the slower its movement is, since the Earth rotates faster at the equator, therefore the deviation increases at the Earth's poles and practically none at the equator.
In 1835, Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, in one of his publications, described in a mathematical way the force that would end up bearing his name. In said publication, the Coriolis force appears as an element that complements the centrifugal force presented by a moving body relative to a rotating reference, as can occur, for example, with the gears that a machine has.
