In the chemical field, ethanol is a chemical compound, better known as ethyl alcohol, which in normal temperature situations is characterized by being a colorless and flammable liquid with a boiling point of 78 degrees centigrade. Since ancient times, ethanol was used by creating it from the combined fermentation and dissolution of sugars and yeast that were then subjected to distillation.
When it joins with water, it usually dissolves and can be used to make alcoholic beverages. Depending on the drink, the ethanol will be accompanied by different chemicals that provide different colors and characteristic flavors. It is also used in the industry as a synthesizer of different products such as ethyl acetate (paint solvent) even in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic area and being used as air freshener and perfume. There is suspicion about its exaggerated use since it can severely affect the central nervous system, creating a state of euphoria, dizziness, illusions, confusion, disinhibitions, drowsiness, disappearance of reflexes, poor coordination, temporary loss of vision, increased violence and in really serious cases produce a coma or death.
It is also used for the creation of industrial and domestic fuel. In addition to containing compounds that are exclusive to alcohol. In many countries, ethanol is used to comply with the Kyoto protocol (a United Nations protocol that aims to emit greenhouse gases that cause global warming). According to studies, the use of this avoids the production of said gases by almost 85%.
Some of its physical properties are:
- Liquid aggregation state.
- Colorless appearance.
- Density 810 kg / m3; (0.810 g / cm3).
- Molecular mass 46.07 amu.
- Melting point 158.9 K (-114.1 ° C).
- Boiling point 351.6 K (78.6 ° C).
- Critical temperature 514 K (241 ° C).
- Critical pressure 514 K (241 ° C).
Currently, there are endless materials that are used for the production of ethanol on a large scale and in a biological way, through substances with a high content of sucrose (common sugar) such as sugar cane, beets, etc. Substances that contain starch, such as corn, potato or cassava. Others that contain cellulose (biopolymer) such as wood or agricultural residues.
