The Geosphere is the solid part that is inside the Earth, and represented by rocks, minerals and soils, which form concentric spheres known as its layers (crust, core and mantle).
The word geosphere is used with a double meaning to identify the solid part of the Earth and each of the parts that make up the planet (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and bisphere).
The geosphere is the structural part of the Earth that is characterized by being the one with the highest temperatures, pressure, density, volume and thickness. As well as the largest layer (it occupies almost the entire mass of the planet), it ranges from the surface to the center of the Earth (up to 6,370 km approximately).
The man in the course of history, has launched hypotheses and theory, has developed the fields of science and has created instruments and methods in order to give a rigorous and scientifically valid explanation to the phenomena and secrets that this geosphere contains. Thus appear sciences such as geology, petrology, geophysics, mineralogy, among others.
The interior knowledge of the Earth has been obtained by indirect methods, especially geophysical, such as the study of the path of seismic waves. The seismological information has allowed the creation of a model made up of several concentric layers with specific chemical composition and physical properties.
These layers are in contact and in constant interaction with each other, we have the earth's crust, which is commonly called the lithosphere, it is the most superficial layer that is in contact with the atmosphere and that limits the mantle. It is the most heterogeneous layer and is subject to continuous changes caused by the action of endogenous and exogenous forces.
Two types of crust can be distinguished: the continental crust is found in the emerged areas of the planet, also under the oceans, near the coasts. It covers 47% of the Earth, and its most abundant rock is granite. The oceanic crust is thin and is made up of volcanic rocks. It covers 53% of the Earth and its most abundant rock is basalt.
The mesosphere or mantle, is the layer that is located under the crust, represents 84% of the volume of the Earth and 69% of its total mass. The rocks are made up mainly of Sial (silica and aluminum) and Sima (silica and magnesium), they are of a soft consistency due to the high existing temperatures (1500-3000 ºC).
Finally, we have the nucleus, which occupies the center of the Earth (the innermost layer). It represents 16% of the volume of the Earth and 31% of the mass of the planet. The rocks that constitute it fundamentally are made of iron and nickel (Nife), and its temperature can reach about 5000 ºC.
