It is called GIS (Geographic Information System), to all those computer programs dedicated to relating the data of a specific spatial location, allowing the user to consult, interact, manipulate and modify the presented model. This is achieved through the union of elements such as hardware and software, in addition to the characteristics of the place that you want to represent virtually. This innovative technology is generally used for scientifically rigorous research, natural disaster prevention and planning, archaeological excavations and urban planning, as well as in cartography, sociology and historical geography.
Around 15,000 years ago, in the Lascaux Caves, located in France, the Cro-Magnon man was in charge of representing the animals they hunted, placing them in a series of lines that resembled the migration routes of these animals. Doctor John Snow, an English doctor, in 1854 was in charge of mapping a map with the incidence of cholera cases in the district of Soho, London, thus initiating the path of epidemiology, in addition to contributing to the primitive geographical method, which is responsible for to bring together all geographical phenomena that are related in some way. In the early 20th century, photo lithography was designed, which separates maps into layers; later, in 1962, in Canada the CGIS (Canadian Geographic Information System) was being tested, which allowed the government to evaluate recreational spaces and areas located by crops, based on data collected by the Canada Land Inventory.
Currently, these information analysis systems have evolved considerably. This is evidenced in the unknowns that it can solve, with respect to the characteristics and specific location of a specific space, making use of: location, condition, trend, routes, guidelines and the generation of models.
