It comes from the Greek "Helios" which means sun. It is an astronomical model in which the movement of the earth and other planets around the sun is shown relatively, being in the center of the universe. This theory was the counterpart of geocentrism which presented the earth as the center of the Universe.
Until the 16th century during the Renaissance when a mathematical model showed a heliocentric system presented by the Catholic astronomer Nicolás Copernicus through the book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium" marking the history of science and recognizing itself with the name of the "Copernican Revolution". This work was supported by the constant study of elliptical orbits through a telescope presented by Galileo Galilei. Through time with the collaboration of different astronomers such as William Herschel, Bessel and many others, it is concluded that the sun was not the center of the universe, being in the decadeof 1920 when Edwin Hubble showed that it was part of a much larger set than it seemed as is the case of the Milky Way and that it belonged to a group of billions of galaxies more.
If we stop to observe the sky, the earth seems static, however after centuries of investigations more complicated movements were observed that were presented long after the first theories, such as the points of sunrise of the Sun and the Moon change in the course of the year or that some stars and planets disappear from time to time. His explanation is that due to the movement of the earth they simply change places, this movement is known as "retrogradation of the planets".
It was from these movements that the theories were more studied and understood, elaborating better descriptions such as the case of the "Ptolemaic System" which calculated the positions of the planets to a certain degree of accuracy, however, Ptolemy rejected at the time the rotation of the earth considering it absurd because he imagines the movement of the earth because of great wind, which is why it seemed ridiculous. Heliocentrism was one of the strongest theories of its time, even revoking many others that remained for centuries and even being defended by different religions.
