The term heuristic is defined as the ability of man to create or invent something, in order to provide strategies that help solve a problem. Human beings, through their creativity, divergent thinking and in some cases their own experiences, are capable of finding the most viable solution to resolve any conflict.
Its importance lies in the fact that it allows the person to manifest a proactive and beneficial behavior in the search for solutions, otherwise it would be that the individual will remain with his arms crossed without doing anything to remedy the conflict.
As a scientific discipline, heuristics can be applied in various sciences with the aim of creating means, strategies and principles to help achieve the most effective and efficient solution to the problem studied by the individual. As a scientific method, heuristics is made up of three procedures called “heuristic procedures”, which consist of ways of working and thinking that favor the conscious performance of rigorous mental activities. These procedures are divided into principles, rules, and strategies.
The heuristic principles have to do with the suggestions that are provided to find the solution idea directly. The heuristic rules intervene as common impulses within the search process, helping to find the means to solve the problem. For their part, heuristic strategies are used as an organizational resource within the resolution process, in order to determine the path that leads to solving the problem addressed. In this case there are two strategies to apply:
Work forward: this strategy starts from what has been transmitted to make the reflections that lead to the solution of the problem.
Backward work: this strategy first analyzes what is sought, and then builds on the knowledge obtained, studying the possible results in order to deduce what is sought.
It should be noted that the heuristic word was successful, thanks to the mathematician George Polya, who through different heuristic proposals, which he reflected in his book "how to solve it", was of great help to young people when solving their math tasks.
