Blood pressure below that required for a proper functioning of the metabolism. It is manifested by one of these conditions. Enlargement of the vascular bed, due to a decrease in the volume of circulating blood and a decreased cardiac pumping capacity. It is usually observed in people who do not present any apparent alteration, in which case it is usually asymptomatic. There are several types of hypotension, among which we can mention: controlled hypotension, which is the administration during anesthesia, of a short-acting hypotensive, to reduce blood pressure and, with it, the bleeding caused by surgery.
The orthostatic hypotension, is one that occurs at the rising abruptly and usually accompanied by a fleeting feeling of dizziness. The intracranial hypotension is decreased the pressure in the cavity intracaneal. The symptomatic hypotension is the decrease in blood pressure that causes symptoms of discomfort such as a feeling of weakness, fatigue, dizziness and even loss of consciousness by brain hypoperfusion. It is produced by a decrease in cardiac output (hypoaldosteronism, mitral and aortic stenosis, left heart failure, etc.) or by a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance (hypotensive, during the dialysis session, etc.).
To control hypotension, so-called hypotensives are given, which are nothing more than substances that have the ability to help control or reduce blood pressure, usually used in patients with arterial hypertension. The most commonly used substances are diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists and inhibitors of the angiotensin- conserving enzyme.
