In 612 a. C., the Chaldeans, a Semitic people who resided in Babylon, tired of the Assyrian domination, rose together with those who were supported by the Medes, and rebuilt Babylon, which had been destroyed by the Assyrians. The Chaldeans who erected in their capital, built an empire similar to the Assyrian, but it differed from the latter by the northern areas of the Tigris and Asia Minor, which were handed over to the Medes.
The Neo-Babylonian Empire was founded by Nabopolassar, in 625 BC. C., who was also its first king, in the course of his reign his son Nebuchadnezzar began to stand out, while he was in command of the militias. Achieving a resounding victory in Karkemish, during his campaign to Egypt, He returned to Babylon, where he would end up being named king, after his father died, in the year 604 BC. C., managing to expand the borders of this empire from the Euphrates valley to Egypt.
This people was characterized by being a warrior and conqueror type, like their predecessors, however, they did not reach the level of cruelty of the Assyrians. Likewise, they deported the settlers who inhabited the territories that had been conquered, with the aim of avoiding rebellions, but unlike the Assyrians, the exiles could stay together, preserving the cultural identity of these peoples. King Nebuchadnezzar II, gave Babylon an unimaginable importance. Some of the most iconic and important elements are the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, listed among the Seven Wonders of the World.
For its part, the city of Babylon had great walls and was defended by towers that communicated with the outside through seven gates, each of which had a representative name of the deity it symbolized. In the internal areas, large constructions could be achieved, in which the temples can be highlighted. Despite this, the majesty of Nebuchadnezzar's work ended at the same timeof its existence, since, after its death, in the year 562 a. C. began a series of internal struggles. The son of Nebuchadnezzar II was assassinated, after two years of agitated mandate and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Neriglisar, who would end up being assassinated along with his son.
