In ecosystems, interaction can originate between elements of the same species, by maintaining the same diet or sharing the same environment, this type of interaction is called intraspecific. While the relationship occurs between two different species, it is called interspecific and is the one that originates between plants and insects.
Intraspecific interactions (elements of the same species) can be temporary or indefinite, this kind of interaction can be favorable, if there is between the organisms involved a cooperation aimed at obtaining food and the defense of the species against environmental dangers (cold, heat, predators, among others).
On the other hand, interspecific interactions (elements of different species) are important since they favor the structuring of the system.
Similarly, there are other types of interactions within the ecosystem, some of them are:
Neutralism: it is the one that originates between two species, it is characterized because neither of the two parties benefit or are harmed.
Mutualism: this interaction allows individuals of different species to benefit and improve their biological capacities.
Symbiosis: it is the one that originates between two or more species, in a mandatory way and where everyone benefits in their vital development. The organisms involved in symbiosis are called symbionts.
Facilitation: is one where at least one of the species is favored.
Predation: it is one where one species catches and feeds on another. An individual can be a predator of several species and be prey to others. This kind of interaction between predators and the ecosystem is important, since predators by controlling the number of subjects of a species, protect the ecosystem from an imbalance. For example, the eagle feeds on mice and these, in turn, on some plants. If this predator were to become extinct, the rodent population could not be reduced and this would reduce the plant population.
Parasitism: in this kind of interaction, one species is favored and the other is not; usually the parasite is smaller than the host. It is a process characterized by the fact that a species increases its survival capacity by using other species to meet its needs.
