It is defined as latitude to any measure of a sector related to the distance it has with respect to the middle line of the equator, in other words it is the longitude that is between a specific point on the earth and the equatorial line (meridian), this It is calculated by sexagesimal degrees and in turn is abbreviated as "lat" defining to which pole it belongs (north / south). Its determination is simple, to be able to fix the latitude of a specific point it is enough to draw a straight line that connects this point with the equatorial midline, the angle that the marked line has will indicate the latitude.
The point that if that particular latitude belongs to the north or south pole is very simple, if the straight line is drawn from the lower zone to the middle line it is said to belong to the south pole, it is symbolized grammatically with a - sign; If the opposite happens in which the line made is located in the area above the equator line belongs to the north pole, a + sign is added to the value to indicate grammatically which pole it belongs to. If you want to represent the latitude you are at, you can represent it as: 12 ° N or + 12 ° in the case of being in the north, and 12 ° S or -12 ° in the situation where the latitude belongs to the South side.
The climate of the different conjugating environments of planet earth is directly related to latitude, the closer to the area of the east meridian the region will present a warm climate, however, if it were the opposite case where the area is far from the center of the earth, the cherished climate will remain cold. According to these characteristics, to achieve a better definition of temperature changes according to the latitude of the region, three types of latitudinal zones have been defined, known as:
- Intertropical zone: these are regions that suffer solar irradiation at a perpendicular angle, thus establishing a totally warm climate.
- Temperate Zone: these zones are located in such a way that the solar rays radiate them in an inclined way, thus allowing the appreciation of the four seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter).
- Polar zone: these are territories in which the solar rays do not affect or if they do it is of little intensity, generating a totally cold environment throughout the year.
