The model atomic Bohr refers to a theory proposed by physicist Niels Bohr, in which explained how the atom was structured and what was their behavior. Bohr, through his atomic model, explained that an atom was appreciated as a small nucleus that had a positive charge and that was surrounded by many electrons that navigated in a circular way around it.
It is then a model that is mostly functional, since it does not refer to the atom itself, but rather explains the way they work through equations.
It is important to note that Bohr based his theory on the hydrogen atom to formulate his model, which should have the ability to offer an explanation about the stability of matter and dispersion in the emission and absorption of gases. Conceptually, the Bohr model started from the Rutherford model and the emerging theories about quantization, which had originated some time ago, with the investigations carried out by Albert Einstein and Max Planck.
For many the Bohr model was extremely simple, therefore it is still used very frequently as a reduction of the structure of matter.
Bohr's atomic model expresses three postulates:
- First Postulate: the electrons rotate around the nucleus, like stationary orbits, without actually emanating energy.
- Second postulate: electrons can only be found in some orbits (since not all are allowed). The distance that can be observed between the nucleus and the orbit is determined according to the quantum number, for example: n = 1, n = 2…
- Third postulate: when an electron moves from an external orbit to a much more internal one, the inequality in the energy existing between the two orbits is usually emitted in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
It can then be said that the electrons have different circular orbits that are the ones that establish the different energy levels.
It should be noted that the success of this atomic model was short-lived, since it did not accurately detail certain recurring properties of the elements and their basic theory, so it did not present theoretical support.
