Nucleotide polymorphism refers to a mutation that originates in the DNA sequence and affects only one base of a genome sequence. This mutation is a very common and simple form of genetic polymorphism, since (as already mentioned) it refers to the modification of a single nucleotide in the environment of a genetic sequence.
In this sense, it is estimated that it is through these mutations that most of the genetic transformations between individuals are defined, originating most of the phenotypic differences in them.
The nucleotide polymorphism tends to spread in a heterogeneous way throughout the genome and they are located in the coding and non-coding areas of the genes, in the same way they can be found, in the areas of the genome where known genes or also called " junk genes ”.
Importantly, thousands of split nucleotide polymorphism mutations have been specified on all human, plant, and animal chromosomes.
These mutations are considered very exact and have been very successful in the evolutionary aspect to establish themselves in an important part of the population of a species. This type of polymorphism is of great biological relevance because it determines the genetic variety of the subjects.
From a medical perspective, polymorphisms are also relevant, since the different options of a certain mutation can establish, for example, a certain predisposition to contract a disease, greater clinical violence of the same or disparities in the way of responding to treatment.
