The term naphthalene is used to define a flavored, solid fuel, of a silvery white color, very poisonous, which is originated by the concentration of two benzene nuclei. Its electronic composition is similar to that of benzene and it has three resonant forms, its natural structure is slightly less than that of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, forming part of the elements that make up the smoke that emanates from wood or tobacco when burned.
How is obtained naphthalene is through the hard coal, where it is present with a percentage of 6%, by cooling the mainly medium oils, once these oils are cooled, a separation occurs cristalizació ny pressing of the solid, allowing to remove the liquid components that flood it.
Once this is done, the solid is melted again and treated with sulfuric acid to eliminate all types of basic sediments, washed with water and sodium hydroxide solution is applied, ending with the distillation of the residue to obtain naphthalene. pure. Likewise, naphthalene can also be obtained from some portions of petroleum, which have previously been exposed to catalytic reactions of hydroaromatization or cyclization and subsequent thermal dealkylation.
Within its physical characteristics and reactivity, it can be said that it is a white solid, which evaporates easily, since it dissipates at room temperature and its gases mixed with air can easily burn. Its burning point is 79ºc. It must be kept away from heat sources and must not be in contact with highly oxidizing materials. It is a substance that dissolves little in water, but is soluble in alcohols, benzene, esters, acetone, chloroform, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, gasoline, and olive oil.
Naphthalene is basically used as an intermediate product for the elaboration of chemical compounds such as phthalic anhydride, which is used as a base for the manufacture of industrial materials, such as dyes and resins, however, naphthalene is widely used as a repellent for moths.
Among the harmful effects of naphthalene is that it is a primary irritant, causing dermatitis if it comes into frequent friction with the skin, it also happens if it comes into contact with the eyes as it can cause irritation and cataracts.
