Onomastic refers to the celebration of the Saint in honor of the name that the individual possesses, that is, all those individuals who bear the name of "José" celebrate the day of the name on March 19, the women are called "Fatima", they celebrate his name on May 13, among others.
It is the discipline that studies the origin of names and surnames. Formerly people only knew each other by their names and this circumstance can be seen in the Bible, where all the mentioned characters have a name but without a surname. It was from the Middle Ages when the surname was incorporated to identify people.
One of the initial references in the first surnames was related to the geographical origin of someone (Juan del Río or Rafael del Valle), with some architectural element associated with a person (for example, the surnames Torres, Castillo or Puente) or with the physical appearance of someone (for example, the last names Calvo, Delgado, Rubio, etc.)
It is important to note that birthday is not synonymous with birthdays, since birthdays are the anniversary of the day a person was born and the name of the saint in honor of who was named, as explained above, and not always the day of the saint coincides with the anniversary date. Occasionally, the anniversary and the name day are celebrated on different days or it can be celebrated because, according to popular tradition, the child bears the name of the saint who is celebrated on the day of his birth.
Now, if we refer to the feminine side of the name day (onomastics), it is a branch of lexicography that studies the formation of the proper names of people, places and living beings. Due to the above, the name day is divided into different branches to fulfill its function.
Onomastics is divided into the following branches: anthroponymy: discipline that is responsible for pointing out the names of people, for example: knowing the origin of surnames, bionomics: studying the names of living beings, in terms of plant names, science of responsible phytonymy and zoonymy, as its name suggests, studies the names of animals; odonymy investigates names of streets, roads and other paths, finally, toponymy: discipline that consists of examining place names, which in turn is divided into: oronyms (mountains, mountains and hills), synonyms (lakes and lagoons), hydronisms (streams) and rivers).
