The physical or natural person refers to all the entities of the human species only by the fact of existing. From the legal point of view, they have attributes such as domicile and nationality. These people have a personal patrimony from which they cannot separate, being able to contract new obligations or rights, which can be transferred; however, the patrimony will continue indefinitely linked to the individual, since this is the only thing that will not lose.
What is a natural person
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Also called a natural person, it is a subject that can be a professional, a merchant or a worker, who uses their knowledge and training to provide professional services, sell a product or rent a property. This figure brings with it a series of rights and duties and they are classified in different regimes according to the activity carried out and the dividends obtained from it.
Physical person example:
- The owner of a small building, which will rent the apartments to different people, who have the obligation to pay the rental amount monthly.
- A professional in electronics, who provides repair services for electronic equipment, such as photocopiers, who is not accountable to an employer, but exercises the profession independently.
Characteristics of natural persons
Name
This is one of the main attributes of this figure, as this gives it the ability to differentiate itself from others. It consists of the name and surname (first the father's and then the mother's, allowing them to be reversed in some cases), or to adopt one that is not related to the family, as this is not limited to blood or parental bond.
Home
It is the place of residence of the person, although it is not ruled out that he has more than one. There are several types of addresses, which can be:
- Real domicile: this in turn is divided into the usual (where you reside for at least 6 months), business (where you carry out your business) and accidental (where the person is).
- Legal domicile: this type of domicile is established by law for the exercise of duties and rights.
- Tax domicile: this type is the one assigned by the taxpayer.
- Conventional domicile: this is set by the same person to carry out their duties and rights.
Marital status
It is a characteristic of natural persons, which will determine whether they are single, married, widowed, divorced.
Capacity
This refers to the power that it has to fulfill its duties and exercise its rights, and is divided into enjoyment and exercise capacity:
- Capacity for enjoyment: it is the power to achieve those duties and rights.
- Exercise capacity: it is the power to execute them; and those who cannot make use of them, have diminished this capacity or have not acquired it, is called incapable.
Heritage
It refers to everything that a natural person owns, as well as what they are owed. This includes both his possession in money, his tangible assets in movable and immovable, his credits (something that he has not received but that is his) and his debts (that he has something pending to cancel). The sum of all this is what is known as heritage. All of these assets valued together must be declared.
Annual tax return for natural person
The annual declaration of natural persons is about the rendering of accounts that a natural person must give to the Treasury about their possessions and activities that they have had throughout the fiscal year: their income obtained and their expenses as a result of their exercise, all valued in an amount total. This must be done in the month of April of the following year to declare on the SAT page.
Those who have the obligation to exercise the declaration of natural person, will be: all those who receive a salary or salary; a natural person with business activity; carry out activities such as livestock, fishing or agriculture; rent properties; acquire goods; get a prize; receive dividends; among other cases.
This obligation is embodied both in the Income Tax Law (article 150), as well as in the Federal Tax Code (articles 31 and 32) and in the Regulations of the Federation's Tax Code (article (41).
The amount to be declared or the personal income tax calculation must be made in accordance with the provisions of article 152 of the updated Income Tax Law.
To do it through the SAT web portal, the person must have an RFC and password to enter the page, after having made the payment in a bank through an electronic transfer.
