The painting is a word that covers a wide field. It is an artistic technique that commonly consists of capturing with a viscous liquid on a canvas, lines and spots forming figures, textures and forms that will give way to a work of art according to the viewer and objectivity of the observer and thus the concept of Although it is true that oil painting (oil) is considered one of the most popular methods that has existed, painting has evolved to the point of turning technology into artistic expression.
What is painting
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Painting is not only art, it is also a term that is used to call an oil that covers a certain area, this is part of the definition of painting, for example, a house, a car, a piece, a cake, in order to give it a personalized and "artistic" touch, also in order to give it protection, since these paints, as the case may be, are designed to cover and protect from climatic changes and external agents that may damage the base on the that is poured and distributed said paint.
At first, the painting covers a vast field, so the story goes back to the times of the origin of mankind. Man has always had the desire to leave his mark on the road, that is why among the first signs of life in those prehistoric times were found hieroglyphs and drawings with which prehistoric man marked the first guidelines to recognize its origin and giving way to painting, not only as art, but as a method of recognition, from there, it traces the importance and history, there are many types of paint, among them automotive paint, acrylic paint, among many others that they will be mentioned later.
Types of paint
The universe of paintings is constantly evolving and in certain periods new products emerge that expand the catalog of solutions for professionals and individuals. Therefore, it is very difficult to establish a reliable classification of the types and techniques of paintings that exist.
Today, you can find infinite ways to create a painting, such as powder patches that come together to form a set of shades, or the well-known watercolor, which is carried out by blurring a small piece of some material. coloring with water on a sheet of paper, also through courses of tin and paint.
Tempera
Tempera is also known by another name of French origin, "gouache". It looks a lot like watercolor. Like this, the mixture of pigments (powder colors) and gum arabic is obtained. But unlike watercolor, pigments are less fine, so the colors are more opaque, less transparent. It can be used for painting, a wooden board or very thick paper as a support.
Tempera, also called "gouache", is widely used in teaching due to its characteristics, delving into what paint is, it refers to a pigment that can be diluted in water, covers quickly and can be applied in thick layers of colors, it is ideal for plastic arts. The various colors can be mixed creating a wide variety or options of shades.
Plastic paint
Plastic paint is the most common and suitable paint for interiors. One of its benefits is that it is water-based, so if the floor, furniture, etc. gets dirty, it can be cleaned with water, or by scratching a bit if it has dried.
The drying time is also less than synthetic enamels, which is usually in the range of 30 to 60 minutes. It is a good option if you expect to finish your project in a limited time, since the repainting of the successive layers can be done earlier. Plastic paint is not indicated for untreated wood surfaces, so it is best to avoid this type of paint for that material.
Synthetic enamel is a more durable paint than plastic paint, because its base is not water like other types of paint, it also preserves its shine very well, even in the open, and is often used in rooms such as the bathroom or kitchen, as it is more resistant to water and humidity.
Synthetic enamel shrinks less than plastic paint when it dries, and also has smoother, streak-free finishes. It is also often used for furniture and wooden and / or metal surfaces. The drying time is longer than that of plastic paint, with an average of 4 to 6 hours, and up to 24 hours when it comes to applying the second coat of paint. To apply this type of paint it must be in ventilated spaces to avoid damage to health, such as dizziness, since the chemicals are strong.
Enamels
In the field of technology or art, enamel (glazed or porcelain) represents the fusion of powdered glass with a substrate that is processed by heating between 750 and 850 ° C. The powder melts and grows while holding, forming a very durable smooth and glazed coating on metal, ceramic or glass itself. Glazed enamel can be used on most metals.
Lime paint
The lime paint allows the walls to breathe and the air inside the buildings to be renewed, specifically; prevents the formation of moisture pockets. The disinfectant and sterilizing properties of lime have been known since ancient times.
The high pH of lime attacks the acidity of living organisms, hence its microbicidal and antiparasitic action. These hygienic and sanitary qualities have been decisive for the use of lime paint to be maintained today.
Dye
It is a substance with which fabric, clothing or hair is usually colored, so it is used in domestic settings to change the appearance of used or old-fashioned clothing. Although there are many natural dyes, most of the dyes used today contain chemicals. Hair dyes are divided into oxidants.
Vinyl
Vinyl is made from vinyl chloride or chloroethylene (H2C = CHCl). It refers to a colorless gas, which is dangerous at high temperatures, as it catches fire quickly.
It has a slightly sweet smell and is a manufactured substance that is not produced spontaneously in nature. Its structure through the decomposition of substances such as trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene and trichloroethane.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) is used to make a variety of plastic products, including pipes, wire coatings, cables, and packaging products.
Apart from the use that was given to it for the manufacture of phonographic records in the printing and graphic arts industry, its use is widespread due to its multiple applications. Vinyl can be used as a printing medium like printed vinyl. It is white in color, it has the ability to be easily removed once it has served its purpose.
Vinyl is a high-intensity sign material (sign vinyl). This allows easy deformation and cutting thanks to its high malleability. It is frequently used as a construction material for logos, texts and even silhouettes.
Paint components
Most of the paints used to paint a house, and the different constituent materials, are made with compounds that provide them with special characteristics depending on their application. All paints have some basic components which must have unique characteristics and properties. Basically almost all paints are made up of pigments, fillers, and binder, this complements what paint is.
Pigments
Pigment is the substance that is used to color a paint, a varnish, an enamel, etc. Its action occurs by modifying the color of the reflected luminosity, since it specifically absorbs said tonality, it should be noted that it is used in interior or exterior paint.
Thanks to pigments, it is possible to give a certain color to food, clothing and cosmetic products, for example. In general, powdered pigments are used, which are added to some colorless or very light-colored material. There are pigments that act as permanent colorants and others that, with the passage of time, stop coloring the substance in question. Although they are usually similar, it is possible to distinguish between pigments and dyes.
Binders
Binder can be used as an adjective or as a noun. In the first case, it qualifies that it has the ability to agglutinate (that is, to get different elements to be joined together).
Binder is a substance that is used to dilute the pigments of a paint or varnish. These binders can not only be combined with the different pigments, they can also provide the texture that is required for the paint to compact, giving it resistance after the drying process.
The drying of the paint can take place in different ways. There are paints that can be seen from the evaporation of the solvents present in the binder. In other cases, in addition to this evaporation, a chemical reaction is generated that makes the paint hold.
Solvents
Paint is generally thick or viscous in consistency, so it requires a substance that can dissolve it and make it malleable for later application, this is where solvents arise.
Solvents or solvents give the paints a certain consistency, however during the drying of the same, it evaporates. The solvents can be or present in solid, liquid or gaseous form. This is a liquid or substance capable of dissolving a body or substance.
Plasticizers
It is an additive that softens materials (usually plastic or concrete mixtures) to which it is added. Although the same compounds are used for plastics as for concrete, the effects are very different. Plasticizers for concrete soften the mixture before it sets, making it more workable without affecting the final properties of the product once supported.
Loads
The loads represent and give the paint a thick structure and characteristic, as well as greater resistance and a certain shine and finish, being satin, opaque or shiny.
Painting techniques
It is interesting to take into account, when painting a surface, the different techniques that exist for painting walls, thus giving the space a different and spectacular air. Here are some methods applied at the time of painting:
Painting technique
This is the basic one, so to speak, since it only consists of applying the paint. This is the technique that is most often used, if what you want is to cover imperfections and give color to any space. For this technique, the type of paint to be used is essential.
Foaming technique
This technique consists of painting the surface with a base shade, then giving subtle strokes with a sponge soaked in another color. For this method it is important to choose well what type of sponge is going to be used (synthetic or natural) since depending on it, the final finish will be different.
Mopping technique
This method is very similar to the previous one, but instead of using a sponge, a cloth is used, which will give it that second color. There are 3 ways to perform this technique:
- Gentle bumps on the wall, similar to fluffing.
- Rub the rag against the wall.
- Rotating with the shapes you have chosen, thus applying an original design.
Stencil technique
It consists of printing an image on the wall, using a template. In this case, it is important to fix the place where it is going to be applied, then proceed to stick it with adhesive tape and then begin to paint with a brush, roller or sponge.
Gotelé technique
consists of spreading paint, thicker than usual, allowing drops to accumulate on the surface. This technique is best if you want a lumpy finish on the wall.
Venetian stucco technique
for this technique a previously prepared paste with marble dust, pigments and lime is used, this will make the finish elegant and shiny.
How to paint properly
When changing the color of the walls of any area of the home or office, it is important to take into account certain fundamental aspects regarding wall painting, especially if the painter has no experience as this will save time and effort. It is important to bear in mind that if you want a clean, streak-free finish, the key is in preparation and in the choice of good materials.
It can be said that the most suitable tips for painting either the walls of a room are the following:
- Clean the walls very well to avoid dirtying the brush and staining the entire wall. In the event of a grease or dirt stain, it can easily come off when the paint dries.
- Prepare a list of materials to buy, this will reduce time in the store and unnecessary expenses. It is worth mentioning that an inexpensive paint can lead to an unwanted finish.
- If this is the case, mix the colors you want to bind to obtain a specific shade in a large and clean container.
- Before starting to paint it is advisable to apply the masking tape on the windows and edges that you do not want to paint.
- If you want to paint the ceiling it is essential that it be developed before the walls, to avoid staining the work already done.
- Place blankets and papers on the furniture and floor, to protect them and not stain them.
- To start painting, it is ideal to start from top to bottom, moving the brush or roller in the same direction, so that there is no difference when drying.
Painting as art
Painting as art is that graphic representation shown by pigments. Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, and Vincent van Gogh are some of the most famous painters in history. The origin of this art is found in Prehistory, and more specifically in that it is a cave painting, which are the best known. Those can be more than 40,000 years old, can be found in caves and were made by human beings at that time, as a form of artistic representation with a marked spiritual air. They usually represent animals such as bison or horses.
When talking about painting as art, it is emphasized that several relevant aspects are emphasized in it:
1. When developing it, a multitude of techniques have been used throughout history. Specifically, among the most specific are oil, watercolor, the temple, pointillism, and fresco.
2. No less important, is to know that it is also divided into different genres based on the objects they represent. Thus, there are the nude, the portrait, the landscape painting, the still life or the so-called historical painting.
3. All this without forgetting what the pictorial currents detect, that is, the trends, fashions and styles that have prevailed within this art and that have led to paintings being characterized by very specific signs of identity, it is so much that even painting games have been developed.
Types of paint
In the types of painting, theories of color, techniques, pictorial composition are applied through the graphic representation of the paint that is used by pigments mixed between them are the catrina painting is on a white background, facial and is called the skull, acrylic paint refers to an acrylic emulsion, it is cheaper than synthetic paint, it is easy to dry, epoxy paint has high chemical resistance, it is resistant to corrosion and abrasion.
Techniques for painting a work of art
It can be said that, among the techniques to paint a work of art are:
Tempera
It does not use suspension paint and for this reason it is a very covering technique.
Watercolor
This technique consists of consolidating the colors in gum arabic. This is a material that is soluble in water and its composition makes it perfect for sticking to paper.
Colored pencils
It is a technique where colored pencils are used to illuminate drawings made with various techniques.
Wax or encaustic
It is one of the oldest techniques where the fundamental ingredient or material is beeswax.
Acrylic
They represent the use of various synthetic materials.
Temper
This peculiar technique is based on the use of the yolk of an egg, which serves as a binder for the colors. This method is ancient and is still maintained today.
Pie
This method is used when painting with colored chalk.
Oils
When developing work with various types of oils.
Mixed techniques
Represents the application of various painting techniques in the same work.
Materials are the tools with which you can apply techniques, draw, paint or sculpt. Technique is then understood as the sum of procedures and processes with which the work of art is built. These procedures are different in each of the artistic languages.
History of painting as art
Throughout history, man has used painting to change ideas and emotions through a two-dimensional visual language. This language has different colors, tones, lines, shapes and textures, to produce different sensations of space, volume, light and movement.
In the history of painting, from Neanderthals to the present day, it has influenced many elements of diverse nature, such as religion, geography, the discovery and development of new materials, ideas and important events. All this is configured in the artist a certain way of seeing the world.
The scream painting is undoubtedly a way of describing and registering reality. It has served to change the material and ideological changes that have occurred in the world, always revealing details beyond the written word. After the first paintings, his development has been a constant and inseparable chain of styles, adding elements to the art of those who preceded him.
Worldwide there are a large number of famous painters for their wonderful works of art, some of these are:
- Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) of Spanish nationality, is considered the most famous painter in the world. One of his most famous works was: " The young ladies of Avignon (1907)"
- Van Gogh (1853-1890) of Dutch nationality. He is a leading figure in Post-Impressionism. One of his works was "The Starry Night (1889)"
- Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) of Spanish nationality, is known for embodying surrealism. Among his works of greatest representation is: "The persistence of Memory (1931)"
