Pollination is called as the process by which the pollen passes from the stamen to the stigma, which is where the flower finally fertilizes and opens the possibility of producing seeds and fruits. Meanwhile, the stamen is the male flower organ that carries pollen sacs, the generators of pollen grains, and the stigma is the receptive part of the flower.
For the most part, the crops that are developed thanks to the practice of agriculture manage to grow as a result of wind pollination, although, of course, there are also some species that require the intervention of an animal for this process to be completed successfully.
For the most part, the crops that are developed thanks to the practice of agriculture manage to grow as a result of wind pollination, although, of course, there are also some species that require the intervention of an animal for this process to be completed successfully.
There are two types of pollination, taking into account the source of the pollen: self-pollination and cross-pollination. Furthermore, self-pollination can be subdivided into autogamy and geitogamy.
Pollination consists of the transport of pollen from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil. There are two forms of pollination: direct and cross.
Direct pollination takes place as pollen grains from the stamens of a flower are knocked down onto the flower stigma. This form of pollination, despite being easier, however, is not as frequent and is usually carried out on hermaphrodite flowers.
Indirect pollination occurs when pollen grains from the stamens of a flower fall on the stigmas of another flower belonging to the same plant or another more or less close, but of the same species. This type of pollination is the most common and produces the best seeds. The wind, insects, birds, water and man involved in their implementation; being called, respectively, anemophilic, entomophilic, ornithophilic, hydrophilic and artificial pollination.
Plants have flowers adapted to different types of pollinating agents, among which are: Wind or "anemophilic" pollination, water, animals, (birds, bats, rodents) insects called "entomophilic pollination" and other agents. The flowers that are pollinated by animals live with them in a perfect state of mutualism, which means that both the plant and the animal are necessary and depend on each other, coexistence favors the development of both, and the benefits are greater than the costs.
Plants secrete nectar that only serves to feed pollinating animals, but pollination favored by the animal can be so vital, since the very survival of the species, at least, produces an increase in the production of fruits and seeds.
