The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement Framework Convention of the United Nations on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and an international treaty whose objective is to achieve the reduction in the emission of six greenhouse effect gases, which cause global warming: dioxide carbon (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane gas (CH4); in addition to three other fluorinated industrial gases such as: perfluorocarbons (PFC), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), and sulfur hexafluoride, in at least 5%.
The Kyoto protocol was approved by the United Nations (UN) on December 11, 1997, in Kyoto (Japan). But it was not until 2005, when it came into effect. Within the agreement, it was established that the agreement is mandatory when ratified by the participating countries; In addition to this conception of sustainable development, so he was promoted, which can also be used non - conventional energy and thus to reduce global warming.
The activities that are required to reduce their emissions include the refining of hydrocarbons, the calcination of metallic minerals, the manufacture of cement, the generation of electricity, the production of steel, the manufacture of glass, the manufacture of paper. and coal, as well as the production of ceramic products.
Among the countries participating in the agreement are:
United States: despite having withdrawn from the protocol as inefficient, the United States, under the leadership of Obama, decides in 2015 to set a goal of reducing emissions by 30% by 2030.
The European Union: as an active representative in the crystallization of the protocol, it assumed the commitment to reduce its emissions by 8%.
Spain: committed to reducing its emissions by a maximum of 15%. However, this has not been fulfilled, since according to the data released, Spain in recent years has increased its emissions, for example in 2015 its increase was 24.233%.
Argentina: for being a country developing and have barely 0.6% of total global emissions, is not required to meet quantitative targets adopted by the protocol. However, as a participating country, it is committed to reducing emissions, or at least not increasing them.
Canada: this country decided in 2011 to abandon the Kyoto protocol, in order not to assume the sanctions related to non-compliance with the reduction of emissions.
