The kidneys are the excretory organ of human beings, possessing two, shaped like a bean or bean with an approximate size of a closed fist. They are located in the back of the abdomen, one on each side of the spine. The right one rests just below the liver being slightly lower due to the asymmetry of the liver.
The left kidney is located below the diaphragm and near the spleen, above each one has an adrenal gland and partially protected by the eleventh and twelfth ribs and each is surrounded by two layers of fat called perirenal and pararenal, which help cushion them. It has the powerful task of filtering the blood from the circulatory system, thus allowing the cleaning or excretion of metabolic waste from the body through urine such as urea, creatinine, potassium and phosphors.
The kidneys filter about 200 liters of blood each day to produce approximately two liters of urine. They have conductors called ureters where urine flows into the bladder and is stored until the urge to urinate occurs. These conduits have three layers of tissue that go from the inside out; the mucous layer: covered by a type of stratified epithelium or urinary epithelium. The muscular layer; of longitudinal, circular and spiral muscle fibers, the adventitial layer; formed by connective tissue that covers the ureter and isolates it from the rest of the tissues; having a in three parts, divided into portions such as: abdominal portion; it arises from the L3 vertebra, being in front of the ureter, the duodenum, inside the vena cava, the aorta artery and on the sides the kidneys, the sacroiliac portion; passes through the sacral fin and symphitis and crosses in front of the iliac vessels, the pelvic portion; it differs from men to women, in men it passes through the seminal vesicle and in women it passes through the ureter that is below the ovaries and the bladder portion; through the posterior wall of theoblique bladder.
The kidneys are made up of: The fibrous capsule, The cribriform area where the orifices of the renal papillae are located, The renal artery, The renal pelvis, The interpapillary artery, The adipose or fatty tissue of the renal sinus, The ureter, The renal pyramids; Renal medulla, The renal papillae, The renal calyces, The base of the pyramid, The renal cortex, The arcuate artery and Bertin's column.
