The communication mechanism between two or more neurons is called synapse, in order to massively transmit a nervous impulse destined to coordinate a function in the organism, this exchange of information is characterized by not establishing physical contact. The synapse can be achieved through the conjugation of three elements, which are: the space between neuron and another, the small membranes found in the prolongation of the neuron known as the axon, and the plasma membrane that is forming the neighboring neuron, the cell that sends the nerve impulse is known as a presynaptic neuron, while the one in charge of receiving information is known as a potsynaptic.
As a product of many years of research, it has been described that there are two types of synapses that are classified as follows: chemical synapse, this is called this way because the nerve impulse is being sent through substances, known with The name of neurotransmitters (NT), this type of synapse occurs between neurons whose plasma membranes are very thick, and are located with an interneuronal space of 20 to 30 nm, near the distal fissures of each neuron are vesiclesproducing NTs, when the nerve impulse reaches the tip of the axon in the presynaptic neuron, calcium absorption by the neuron is activated, this stimulates exocytosis in the neuronal vesicles, thus releasing the NTs into the interneuronal space, which subsequently they will bind to receptors located on the membrane of potynaptic neurons, throughout the process a voltage change is generated in the cells.
On the other hand, there is the electrical synapse, the main difference is that there is no interaction of neurotransmitters and the interneuronal space is minimal, about 2 nm, which translates into a close union between the membranes of the pre and potsynaptic neurons, allowing a free transmission of ions and electrical impulses between cell and cell, at first glance it seems as if the participating neurons were fully connected, another difference is that there is no depolarization and repolarization of calcium channels in neurons
