The term synchrotron is a word used in the physics environment to define a particle accelerator, designed in the shape of a geometric top, which allows the increase of the kinetic energy of the electrons, keeping them in a circular path and in turn, providing a new feature to the process. Its purpose is to analyze the nature of matter. This machine began to be used at the beginning of the 20th century, and it acquired different forms and uses over time. It is comprised of a tube in which a vacuum was created in advance in the form of a large ring, through which the positive and negative charged particles move.
The design of the tube can be circular, straight or spiral, it is surrounded by electromagnets that allow the particles to circulate through the center of the tube. These particles enter the tube after having been accelerated to several million electron volts. For the molecules to be able to stay in a constant orbit, it is necessary that they be accelerated at one or more points each time they turn. The power of the electromagnets will increase as the particles reach energy.
The synchrotron has various uses, some of them are: it contributes to advances in the fields of biology, pharmacology, nanotechnology. Improves the effectiveness of antibiotics. Contribute to the fight against dangerous viruses.
In nuclear physics, the use of higher intensity synchrotrons is very common, whereas in the fields of science (medicine and technology) ones of lower power are used. The synchrotron will allow a more precise understanding of the structure of matter, such as macromolecules or protein crystals, in this way it is possible to observe cells in three dimensions, examine the molecular structures of a fossil, and be able to know in depth level of air or soil contamination.
