SiRNAs are RNA atoms that manifest a fully complementary 20-21 nucleotide duplicate strand, arising from an extensive double-stranded RNA. The siRNAS eliminate the manifestation of the target genes, through the incision of the messenger RNA, remaining in two parts, through the contact of the antisense strand of the siRNA, with the RISC complex.
Subsequently the two halves of RNA are reduced by the cellular structure, which causes the cancellation of the manifestation of the gene. On the other hand, siRNAs promote the changes that occur in DNA, allowing chromatin cloaking, since it helps the development of heterochromatin segments through the RITS complex.
The siRna can also be exogenously placed within cells, using transfection mechanisms based on the complementary order of a specific gene, in order to representatively decrease its expression.
SiRNAs in the same way, work in other pathways linked to RNAi (RNA Interference) as a kind of antiviral protector. It should be noted that the complexity of these routes is undoubtedly the purpose of the in-depth investigations that made their discovery possible, a fact that was credited to scientists Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello and for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology..
The interruption in the expression of a gene damages both the manifestation of its protein, as well as the manifestation of other proteins with which they are in contact. Said interruption in the elements that make up the transcription can affect all the genes to which these factors bind.
It should be added that the closest use of iRNA technology is to clarify the function of genes, regardless of whether it is done individually or through a cell pathway.
There have been many tests where siRNAs have shown their specificity by omitting mutant alleles, with just a single nucleotide difference.
It is believed that in the future this technology, when used therapeutically, will represent new expectations around different diseases, since its use can prevent or omit genes involved in diseases such as cancer.
