This is the name given to the set of organs formed by nervous tissue, its main unit are neurons, the main function that the nervous system must fulfill is to capture and process information that will then be transmitted to the other receptor organs, thus achieving a perfect coordination and functionality of the organism with the environment in which it is found, for all that it is considered one of the most important systems within the organism.
The nervous system in human beings is distributed in different organs that is why it is classified according to the location of the organs that compose it in:
Central nervous system: it is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The first is protected by the bones of the head and in turn is made up of the brain, which is divided into two sides, divided in turn by a line called the interhemispheric fissure, cerebellum and the brain stem. Another of the structures that make up the brain is the cerebellum, located in the back next to the brain. Finally, there is the stem, composed in turn by the midbrain, the annular pons and the medulla oblongata.
The spinal cord for its part is an extension of the brain, it is extended like a kind of rope through the spinal column.
Peripheral nervous system: made up of nerves of both cranial and spinal origin, which arise from the central nervous system, the nerves of the skull are responsible for transmitting sensory information that comes from the head and neck to the central system, in addition to that they receive information for the movement of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, in total there are 12 pairs of nerves and each one fulfills a specific function. On the other hand, the spinal nerves are those that send information from the extremities, the trunk, the state in which the muscles are towards the central nervous system, is made up of 31 pairs of nerves.
Another classification is according to the function performed by each of the neural pathways regardless of their location:
Somatic nervous system: formed by neurons that regulate the voluntary functions of the body.
Autonomic nervous system: the neurons that comprise it fulfill the task of regulating involuntary functions.
Parasympathetic nervous system : it is located in the sacral region, it is in charge of innervating organs such as the liver, esophagus and stomach.
Sympathetic nervous system: located in the thoracic and lumbar part, its function is to control blood vessels, sweat glands, among others.
