The sodium is classified according to their charge electrolyte electromagnetic as cation and represents the largest component found in the extracellular area being a leading representative of the osmolarity cell together with the chloride and bicarbonate.
The sodium has different uses body level used in the regulation of blood pressure, nerve impulse transmission, blood volume, water balance among others, values is blood are 135 to 145 mini equivalent per liter if have lower values To those mentioned, it is said that the patient has hyponatremia, on the contrary, if it has higher values it is mentioned that the patient has hypernatremia, the evaluation of this electrolyte is done in two ways by the peripheral route through the extraction of the material blood or urine samples can be measured (normal values for sodium in urinefor adults and children it is 250 to 700 mini equivalent for each sample collected in twenty-four hours.
When high sodium levels are present, that is, hypernatremia (value greater than 145 mEq / L) the patient can cause different pathologies such as azotemia (high nitrogen values), burns and dehydration, Cushing's disease, hyperaldosteronism, diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, among others, otherwise hyponatremia (value less than 165 mEq / L) occurs with pathologies such as: cystic fibrosis, congestive heart failure, metabolic acidosis, nephrotic syndrome, among others the criteria that They indicate to me that the patient presents with hyponatremia are plasmatic hyposmorality, elevated urinary osmorality, normal renal function.
