A conscious subject is "the person who knows", the one who performs the activity of knowledge. He is the one who perceives something, the one who possesses with his mind the characteristics of a being. The cognitive faculties (eyes, ears, understanding, etc.) make it possible for someone to notice what is happening around them. That center of knowledge is the Knowing subject.
Many philosophers have reflected on the level of knowledge that human beings have or can achieve. As knowers, there are those who maintain that man does not have access to the ultimate truth or reality, but rather knows certain phenomena that arise from it. In this sense, knowledge is taken as knowledge that is extracted from reality, with the subject located outside of it.
There are different types of actions. There are actions that are immanent, that is, they are an end in themselves. An indistinguishable type of action is the act of knowing, since knowledge is not a means in relation to an end, but an objective that has a positive validity by itself.
Throughout the history of philosophy there are different theories of knowledge that open the debate around the knowledge process itself. There are thinkers who believe that human beings can access reality through their knowledge. This is the case, for example, of the realistic thought of Thomas Aquinas.
Positivism as a philosophical current that states that the knowing subject is only in the ability to perceive a manifestation of reality, only one aspect of reality, since it does not have access to reality in an absolute way.
On the other hand, constructivism affirms that the knowing subject constructs or generates its own reality from its subjectivity. From what it can be said that reality is not external but belongs to its most intimate nucleus, it is a mental representation created by the psychic apparatus, and individuals permanently interact with reality to generate some kind of knowledge to understand their environment, transform it according to your needs and adapt to your surroundings.
Being constituted as a conscious subject (who has knowledge), the human being is free because he can decide what to do according to his thought. This does not mean, of course, that knowledge is exempt from social interactions.
