Surrealism is a movement that emerged in the first half of the 20th century, specifically during the year 1920, in France, starting from the dadaist current. It comes from the French term "surréalisme", whose meaning is "above reality"; It was coined by Guillaume Apollinaire, in 1917, while he was writing the preface to the work Parade. It is said that great figures such as the Marquis de Sade, Charles Fourier and Heraclitus, were the first men to generate some inspiration in the precursor of surrealism André Breton. This movement appears in full social, political and economic revolutions, so the contrast between the works conceived under this concept and the reality in development is remarkable.
In 1916 André Breton exchanged ideas with Tristan Tzara, the forerunner of the Dada movement, which benefited both of them for the development of their artistic trends. In 1924, Breton, together with Soupault, was commissioned to write the first Surrealist Manifesto, in which he finally defined, from an objective point of view, what surrealism really is. In 1928 he was in charge of making it clear that surrealist thought was alien to reason, it was the connection between the unconscious, eager to communicate through art, and the outside world; in his own words: "it is a dictation of the mind."
In 1929, the second Surrealist Manifesto appeared and, in it, Breton condemned the artists Masson and Francis Picabia, for not supporting communism; in 1936 he expelled Salvador Dalí and Paul Éluard from the organization, for remaining neutral in the face of the political turn taken by surrealism. Surrealism declined around 1940 and most of the artists moved to the United States, where PopArt and abstract expressionism were born from them.
