The noun is a type of word that works as the subject of a sentence or that is assigned to an animate or inanimate object. They are used in many ways in prayer, such as proper names (María, Ana, David, Leonardo), common names that refer to a class or race (dog, cat, car), abstract (love, peace, sadness). There are several types, such as concrete (table, plate), primitive, collective, countable (2 roses, 3 candles), uncountable, individual (singular and plural).
What are nouns
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When referring to nouns, we are talking about words used to supplant the subject within the sentence and that can identify both animate and inanimate objects. Within the so-called Romance languages, such as Castilian or Spanish, these may be different depending on the number and gender referred to.
On the other hand, in the Chinese language nouns do not distinguish between gender and number, which means that there is no change. It should be noted that there are certain languages in which there are no formal properties between verbs and nouns, an example is the Nahuatl language.
Nouns depend too much on languages, they vary according to the pronunciation or the use that is given to the words in different regions. In Spanish we usually put «El» or «La» before the noun, that is called a morpheme, for example: The girl, the dog, the street. In English in certain cases "The" is used for everything.
In conclusion, the noun is a genre of word, which manages to fulfill the performance of a person or nucleus of the subject in a sentence, as well as different functions such as vocative, direct object, attribute, etc.
In handling these genres of words and qualifying adjectives, great care must be taken that, if the first one mentioned is in the plural, the adjective must also be in the plural, or if the noun is in the masculine, the adjective must also be found in masculine; for example: a large ball, a yellow house, a damaged computer.
Types of nouns
Propper noun
They are those words that are assigned in a concrete way to a certain object or person. That is to say, that with proper names we point directly to a particular object or individual. Some examples: Adriana, América, Sofia, China, etc.
As can be seen in the examples mentioned above, the rule for correct spelling of proper names is that the initial letter should always be capitalized.
Therefore, it can be said that proper nouns are used to replace the name of cities, people, countries, autonomous communities, geographical features, regions, artistic, economic, social movements, that is, it is the word that is used to refer to a specific thing within a larger set. In this way, these types of words distinguish the reality to which they refer, making it individual and differentiating it from other elements that are part of the same set.
Common noun
It is managed to choose in a general way any animal, person or object. They encompass objects that are named according to their characteristics, without expressing features that differentiate them, so they are considered generic. Examples: girl, dog, cat, lemon, joy.
Common ones are usually characterized by not emphasizing one element over the others and are also always written with a lower case letter, unless clearly said word is followed by a period or is starting a paragraph, thus establishing a great difference between proper and common nouns.
Concrete nouns
In opposition to abstract nouns, they are those that can be perceived by the senses, examples of concrete nouns are: folder, refrigerator, computer, keyboard, glass.
Therefore, these types of words refer to elements that have a limit that is captured by the senses, for example, those realities that can be perceived through the senses and that have a limit with respect to space, which are restricted in a way.
In this way, all these name the realities that are perceived by the senses, among the most outstanding examples of this type are: plate, mountain, mirror, bottle, book, calendar, telephone, broom, among others.
Abstract nouns
Unlike concrete ones, these are dependent words, which are used to identify entities that are not perceptible by the senses, but that can be felt through thought, such as evil, love, faith, friendship, etc.
These are divided into:
Quality abstracts
They are related to adjectives and represent qualities of beings, whether animate or inanimate, an example of this is the height, beauty or ugliness of something.
Phenomenon abstracts
Used to designate actions, consequences or states, some examples can be study and exercise.
Abstract numbers
They make possible the counting of other nouns, with different degrees of precision, the examples in this case would be, "grup", "branch" and " quantity "
Collective nouns
Collectives are known as those that establish a set or groups of elements that are part of the same class or category. They are characterized mainly by the fact that they are always used in a singular way, and that despite referring to many things, they indicate a reality. For example, "people" since, despite being used in a general way, it only refers to an individual.
Countable nouns
Here are the ones that are distinguished by things that are suitable for enumeration. Example: two pencils, three fingers, four chairs, etc.
In this case, the distinctive feature is that they can be counted, which means that they can be separated numerically and delimited, for this reason these types of words accept numerical determinants and pronouns, referring to things that are measurable or tangible.
Uncountable nouns
In contrast to the previous ones, these, as their name indicates, are the ones that cannot be individualized, and that is why they cannot be counted either, since they are incommensurable, however, despite not being able to use numbering, if it is possible to do use of certain expressions, such as "kilo of" or a little of "" a teaspoon of ". Common examples include water, air, oil, rice, sugar, snow, music, etc.
Individual nouns
These are used to name a specific individual. Example: the noun "whale" is individual because a certain class of mammal is being rated. In other words, they are words in the singular that indicate a single thing, so that these types of words can distinguish more than one entity, it is necessary that they be in their plural form, so the ending "s" "as" is added. or "is"
Collective nouns
They are those that are used to designate beings that contain others of the same class or type. Continuing with the example given in the individual nouns: the noun to name the whales in a group, is applied using the word “herd”.
Derived nouns
They are those that come from another word. For example: "ice cream shop", a word that comes from the common noun, ice cream.
In this way, this type originates from a primitive word, so to speak, which gives it its meaning and form, for that reason the resulting noun has a close relationship with that word. They are easy to distinguish, since they are often used in a row.
Primitive nouns
In contrast to derived nouns, primitives do not come from another word, as is the case with the noun cat, sea or painting.
They can also be divided according to the number of objects or people to which they refer. The singular are those that refer to an object (a computer, a soap, and also to groups, the band, the team) and the plurals that refer to the opposite, that is, more than two (telephones, computers, crazy people).
The noun: gender and number
Adjectives in nouns
Adjectives must always match in number and gender with the noun to which it is pointed, otherwise it would be inaccurate, say, for example, "yellow cats" or "beautiful moon", since cats is a feminine, plural noun, therefore its adjective it must also be in the feminine plural: yellow; since gatas is a feminine plural noun, then yellow, it must be the adjective in plural and feminine; luna is a noun in feminine, singular, that is why its adjective must then be in feminine singular: beautiful.
Some examples of nouns plus adjectives can be the following
- The Rainbow.
- Our father.
- The pasodoble.
Nouns and adjectives are related and that is that everything that refers to a noun will be an adjective, and everything that a noun does or can do is a verb.
On the other hand, the nouns in a sentence are used in the following way: "television does not work" people understand each other speaking ", the rise in rates will attract investors", etc.
Examples of nouns
The examples that stand out the most for their frequent use are:
Child, ball, dog, love, food, television, mouse, hair, leaf, tree, notebook, pants, pool, mountain, river, bricklayer, October, door, chair, floor, among others.
