It is the germ gland, two male gonads that produce sperm and the sex hormones testosterone, forming the most important part of the male reproductive system. They are located under the penis, between the two muscles, in front of the perineum, being surrounded by a set of bag-shaped covers, called the scrotum.
The two gonads do not occupy the same level, being that in the majority of men the left testicle goes down more than the right, they are suspended from the lower end by the spermatic condom and are devoid of adherence in most of its surface so that They are mobile in all directions, contracting and ascending towards the inguinal ring.
The testicles develop inside the abdominal cavity, on each side of the kidneys, which in the third month of fetal development leave and descend, dragging the bags that surround them with them, this process is done through the inguinal canal. There are two but only one can occur, the incomplete descent is called cryptorchidism and when the two testicles are missing it is called anorchidism.
The size varies from a child to a hungry adult, in infants the measurement is 3 centimeters in length, at puberty they grow to reach about 18 centimeters in length and about 3 centimeters wide; retaining this size for the rest of life but in old age a possible atrophy or a slight increase in size is perceived due to the consumption of steroids, but being the safest cause for a hydrocele, that is, a liquid accumulation of the serous tunica of the testicle.
They have a bluish-white color, sometimes red when they are full of blood, due to this coloration to the bag that surrounds them. It has an ovoid shape that is flattened in the transverse sense, of a hard consistency, elastic due to the fibrous layer that surrounds it. Its structure is composed of: The albuginea; which is a fibrous layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testicle and the epididymis. The seminiferous ducts; they are the sperm producers. The excretory ducts of sperm; They are where the semen passes when leaving the seminiferous duct, these are the straight ducts, the Red de Haller duct and the efferent cones.
