It is the science that is responsible for analyzing the reversible and irreversible effects and damage caused in the body by toxic substances, which are based on a chemical structure of nature that does not exist or are unusual, since they are compounds that were synthesized by men in laboratories. There are several types of toxicologies, among them we find: environmental, industrial, food and drug toxicology.
This is sometimes related to medicine, since it acts to treat the damage caused by the poison in the person, while toxicology seeks a way that the person is not affected by the poison. Professor Mateo Orfila was the one who wrote the first formal treatise on toxicology in 1813 in Paris, France called "General Toxicology." It is considered toxic that substance introduced or supplied to the human being in a certain amount, causing serious disorders or even death, but in this case it is already given the name of poisoning.
There are different ways of acquiring toxins since most substances are toxic, what differentiates them is the dose or the way in which the person ingests it, it is there where accidental poisonings occur, due to contamination or overdose, generally 25% occurs in the home, meanwhile, 35% occurs in children under 6 years of age, 18% by accident and 22% by ingestion, of which most of these cases do not suffer serious clinical effects.
The most common causes to which one is exposed to poisoning or ingesting these toxins is from household cleaning products, cosmetics, personal hygiene products, drugs, insecticides, hydrocarbons, among others.
La Toxicología constituye por sí misma una disciplina que se encarga del origen, acciones, diagnostico, investigaciones y tratamiento por intoxicaciones y tiene una estrecha relación con la medicina legal y la medicina industrial, dado que al utilizar un medicamento en forma inadecuada puede presentar reacciones adversas pues siempre se corre el riesgo y no se puede dejar de mencionar cuando se trata de describir farmacológicamente un compuesto.
